Cell Basics and Plant Cells Cell the smallest
Cell Basics and Plant Cells
Cell – the smallest unit that can perform all life processes Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms 3. All cells arise from existing cells
The Purpose of the cell • The purpose of a cell is to carry out the its function with is found in the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • In order for the cell to carry out the functions in the DNA it must convert it to a protein. • So the purpose of a cell is to create Proteins.
Two types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells – bacteria and other single celled organisms a. Has only a single loop of DNA (that is not membrane bound), ribosomes and enzymes that are in cytoplasm b. Have a cell wall around the cell membrane, some also have a capsule that allows them to cling to things
Cilia • Movement hairs, they are small and generally surround the cell. • Found mostly on prokaryotes.
Two types of Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells – are in organisms that are made up of one or more cells a. They are more complex so they can carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells b. Two different types: plant and animal cells
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Plant Cells
Cell Membrane – Is responsible for the controlled entry and exit of molecules, “the gate keeper” *One of the most important parts of the cell, later this unit we will go more in depth into cell membranes important role! SILVER
Cell Wall – provides and maintains the shape of cells and serves as a protective barrier TAN
Nucleus – the cell’s internal compartment for the DNA Contains chromosomes – the structure of DNA that carries the genes and functions of the cell PURPLE
Nucleolus • The Nucleolus is the inner part of the cell’s nucleus • Creates ribosomes
Chromatin • Collection of DNA in a cell
Cytoplasm – controls cell metabolism including signal pathways and receptors, “cell jello” YELLOW
Ribosomes – serves as a site to make proteins, protein synthesis occurs here “protein factory” BLACK DOTS
Organelle – a structure that carries out a specific activities inside the cell • Chloroplast – contains the plant cell’s chlorophyll, produces food by turning sunlight into food (photosynthesis and cell respiration… remember these? ) “food factory” • GREEN
• Cytoskeleton – helps maintain the cell shape, motility and internal movement “framework” DON’T NEED TO COLOR
• Let’s look at the animal cell next… • Then let’s talk about the differences!
• Endoplasmic Reticulum – Rough ER – helps make proteins with the help of ribosomes Smooth ER – helps make lipid and membrane proteins BLUE
• Golgi Body Apparatus – important for packaging macromolecules for transport about the cell “packagers” PINK
Vesicles • Temporary storage of food • Transports materials in a cell • Created by The Golgi Apparatus
• Vacuole –helps with digestion in the cell and is where all the cellular waste gets released/stored “outhouse” CLEAR/WHITE
• Mitochondria – provide the energy a cell needs “powerhouse of the cell” “mighty mitochondria” ORANGE
Lysomome • Digests worn out cell parts, bits of food, and virus’, and bacteria.
microtubules • Hollow tubes that provide support
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