CDM The CDM market CDM Training Material Building

CDM市场概况 The CDM market 中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义 Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China 1 2021/9/3

需求与供给：Demand supply 2 2021/9/3

京都议定书的承诺：Kyoto Protocol Commitments 3 2021/9/3

CER需求与供给：CER demand supply 预测结果：Projections: F目前CDM的供给为每年 150百万吨二氧化碳当量 Present CDM supply estimated to 150 mill. tonnes CO 2 e per year F需求为每年 350 -500百万吨二氧化碳当量 Demand with present commitments 350 -500 mill. tonnes CO 2 e per year F共需要2000 -4000个CDM项目 Demand equals 2000 -4000 CDM projects! Source: World Bank, IEA, IETA 4 2021/9/3

热空气：Hot air 不是由于京都议定书承诺导致的减排 1990 Baseline 2010 Kyoto target Source: Various Assigned Amount Units (AAU) 5 2021/9/3 Country X

项目类型依东道国分类：Project types by host country Source: Point Carbon 6 2021/9/3

项目类型依行业分类：Project types by sector Source: Point Carbon 7 2021/9/3

附件I国家：Annex I country Source: Point Carbon 8 2021/9/3

CERs 的供给：Supply of CERs Source: Point Carbon 9 2021/9/3

目前CERs的主要买方 Current Buyers of CERs (1) • Multilateral Funds / Government Funds – Prototype Carbon Fund (US$ 180 million) – Community Development Carbon Fund (US$ 100 million) – World Bank Bio-Carbon Fund (US$ 100 million) • Government Funds – – – Dutch Government C-ERUPT Program Finnish CDM/JI Pilot Program (€ 20 million) Sweden International Climate Investment Program – CDM Austria JI/CDM Procurement Program Italian CDM fund • Through Commercial/Development Banks – Rabo Bank (Dutch Government) – Japanese Bank of International Cooperation (Japan CDM Fund 4 billion yen) – Development Bank of Japan (Japan CDM Fund - 3 billion yen – German Kf. W Bank group (10 million €) 10 2021/9/3

目前CERs的主要买方 Current Buyers of CERs (2) • Through Multilateral Institutions – World Bank (The Netherlands Clean Development Facility - € 70 million) – IFC (IFC-Netherlands Carbon Facility - € 44 million) • Through Bilateral Transactions (signed MOUs) – – Canadian Government with Colombia and Chile Dutch Government with Bolivia, Colombia, Uruguay and Ecuador Danish CDM Portfolio - Honduras, Malaysia • EU-ETS businesses – Bilateral agreements to meet EUETS commitments • CER Brokers – Evolution Markets, CO 2 e. com, Natsource, Ecosecurities 11 2021/9/3

目前CERs的价格：Current price of CERs FPCF G US$3. 0 -3. 5 G premium of US$0. 5 per ton of CO 2 e for projects with developmental components (e. g. Colombia Wind Farm) FCERUPT G G G renewable energy – € 5. 5 biomass energy - € 4. 4 energy efficiency - € 4. 4 fuel switch and methane - € 3. 3 average price - € 4. 73 FFinnish Government G small-scale - € 2. 47 -3. 2 12 2021/9/3

案例研究项目的CER价值项目类型 CER量/年预期CER价值 CER收益/年 Project Type CERs/Y Assumed CER Value CER Revenue/y 侯马 Hou. Ma EE 137, 000 5 US$/t 685, 000 US$ 51, 430 5 US$/t 257, 150 US$ 辉腾西勒风电 RE Huitengxile. Win d Farm 13 CER value of case study projects 安定LFG Anding LFG Recovery LFG 40, 000 5 US$/t 200, 000 US$ 淮南CMM Huainan CMM 178, 000 5 US$/t 890, 000 US$ 2021/9/3

CDM交易成本：CDM transaction cost F 项目实施前阶段 Pre-operational Phase G 信息收集成本 Search Costs G 协商成本 Negotiation Costs G 审定成本 Validation Costs G 注册成本 Registration Costs F 项目实施阶段 Operational Phase G 监测成本 Monitoring Costs G 认证成本 Certification Costs 14 2021/9/3