CCTV Content What are CCTV Systems Concept Integration

CCTV Content • What are CCTV Systems? • Concept & Integration of CCTV systems - 3 D & M³ • Application & Market Segments of CCTV • CCTV Components & Terminology • CCTV System Checklist • Certis Product lines

CCTV Systems Traditional analog surveillance technology (referred to as Closed Circuit Television or simply CCTV) has been around for over 20 years. There are three types of CCTV : Traditional Analog CCTV DVR + Analog CCTV NVR (Network Video Recorders) The picture shows the current market trend of video surveillance and how over time it is becoming an extension of the computer network.

CCTV System Components Typical Setup of a Traditional Analog CCTV System Cameras CCTV Monitor Time Lapse VCR (OUTDATED) Multiplexer

CCTV System Components Typical Setup of a Digital CCTV System Typically 4/8/9/16 Cameras Removable Storage PAL Format Europe & Asia Door Contacts/ PIR Sensor Permanent Storage

CCTV System Components Camera Fixed CCTV cameras come in two main types: • The first type has a camera body, to which a lens of varying focal lengths may be attached. • Features such as BLC (Back Light Compensation), Auto Iris Drive and AES (Auto Electronic Shutter) are provided. • The second style is basically a fixed lens mounted on a camera circuit board. These cameras may be packaged in a small case (Mini Cameras) or dome (Mini Dome). • Remember - All cameras need a power supply! (e. g. 12 VDC/ 24 V/230 VAC).

CCTV System Components Camera Pan, Tilt, Zoom (PTZ) Cameras • PTZ cameras operate; • 360 degrees horizontally (Pan) • 180 degrees vertically (Tilt) • Provide Optical Zoom. • Controlled through Keyboard / DVR. • Auto-scan to move through a range of pre-set positions. • Allow Privacy Zones (e. g. Cashier NETS Pin Masking) • Programmable preset positions

CCTV System Components Camera • Light Sensitivity (LUX)

CCTV System Components Camera • Light Sensitivity - Sensitivity ratings are generally given as the minimum "Lux" levels at which the camera will produce a useable image (1 Lux equals 1/10 Candle Light). - The lower the Lux level rating, the more light sensitive the camera • Signal to Noise (S/N) Ratio - The higher the Signal to Noise ratio, the clearer the video image produced by the camera. - Good CCTV cameras will have a S/N ratio of at least 48 d. B.

CCTV System Components Camera Lenses Getting the right CCTV Lens • Focal length - Lenses either have a fixed or variable focal length - Manually variable focal length lenses are called Vari-Focal Lenses. (Typically used for specifically known area/object surveillance) - Powered variable focal length lenses are called Zoom Lenses - Typical Fixed focal length lenses vary from 3. 6 mm - 16 mm (Typically used for general area surveillance) - Zoom Lenses can go over 70 mm. (Typically used for outdoor perimeter surveillance)

CCTV System Components Getting the right CCTV Lens

CCTV System Components Selecting the right CCTV Lens 3. 6 mm Lens Picture area 49' w x 35' h 6 mm Lens Picture area 29' w x 21' h 8 mm Lens Picture area 22' w x 16' h

CCTV System Components Selecting the right CCTV Lens 15 mm Lens Picture area 12' w x 9' h 55 mm Lens Picture area 3. 25' w x 2. 50' h

CCTV System Components Camera Lenses Lens Focal Length (mm) Field of View (in feet) Viewable Angle (Degrees) Horiz. Vert. 5 feet away Horiz. Vert. 10 feet away Horiz. Vert. 15 feet away Horiz. Vert. 25 feet away Horiz. Vert. 50 feet away Horiz. Vert. 3. 6 74 55 7. 5 6. 0 42 32 8. 0 32 12. 0 16. 0 100 feet away Horiz. Vert. 5. 2 15. 1 10. 4 22. 6 15. 6 37. 7 26. 1 75. 4 52. 1 151 104 3. 8 2. 9 7. 7 5. 7 11. 5 8. 6 19. 2 14. 4 38. 4 28. 7 77 57 24 2. 9 2. 1 5. 7 4. 3 8. 6 6. 4 14. 4 10. 7 28. 7 21. 3 57 43 22 17 1. 9 1. 5 3. 9 3. 0 5. 8 4. 5 9. 7 7. 5 19. 4 14. 9 39 30 15 11 1. 3 1. 0 2. 6 1. 9 3. 9 2. 9 6. 6 4. 8 13. 2 9. 6 26 19

CCTV System Components The Camera Lens In Summary Most lenses used today are vari-focal lenses which are suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications and can be adjusted on site to the field of view required by the user

CCTV System Components The Camera Lens Auto Iris Lens - Commonly used in varying light conditions (e. g. outside or inside facing a window) where the iris on the camera will need to open and close to accommodate changes in light intensity. - This is similar to your eye (iris) opening to allow in more light during low light levels. - Conversely during bright sunlight your iris closes.

CCTV System Components Types of Camera Housings and Brackets Indoor Housing : In-ceiling, wall and corner mount to prevent dust. Outdoor Housing : Designed to withstand wide ranges of temperature, humidity, rainfall, and sunlight. May include blower, heater, sun shroud & thermal insulation. Minimum standard is IP 65

IP (Ingress Protection) Ratings Chart

CCTV System Components Types of Camera Housings and Brackets Explosion Proof : Housing required for potentially combustible atmospheres eg. Laboratory, Chemical storage areas. Vandal Proof : Used where structural integrity and vandalism are a priority eg. for public areas & prison facilities. Pressurized Housing : operating in tough environmental conditions e. g. on board ships

CCTV System Components Camera Feature - Wide Dynamic Range Camera without Wide Dynamic Range Camera with Wide Dynamic Range

Day Night Camera Day night cameras automatically switch to black and white mode (night) when the light level (lux) decreases below a preset minimum.

CCTV System Components Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) consist of three main types: • PC- based DVR (OUTDATED) - Computer-based system incorporating; • Video capture and display • Video multiplexing • Video recording and playback • Remote video access via modem, Internet and/or LAN • Expandable - add on video capture card • Operating System and application functions installed to Primary Hard Disk

CCTV System Components Digital Video Recorder • Embedded DVR - Operating System and all application functions are contained (embedded) in firmware (software encoded on chips). - Allows Triplex operation (View, Record and Playback at the same time) - Fixed number of camera channels - Embedded DVR's are more suitable for less protected locations such as warehouses, manufacturing, restaurants, etc.

CCTV System Components Digital Video Recorder • Network Video Recorder - Used for Network centralized storage and remote monitoring & playback of recorded images - Multiple site capability

CCTV System Components Digital Video Recorder - RAID 5 Storage DVR's can be arranged as fault tolerant enterprise servers (RAID 5) which are often required in casino, law enforcement, government and various mission-critical applications. RAID 5 server is a DVR with multiple hard drives and if a single hard drive fails you won't lose your data, unlike a standard PC where if a hard drive fails you lose everything on that drive. RAID 5 systems are costly and can increase the costs by as much as fivefold

CCTV System Components Digital Video Recorder Embedded V’s PC Based • Embedded DVR - More stable DVR system compared to PC Based DVR - Generally more expensive in the market - Fixed system - unable to customize features • PC-based DVR - Generally more economical compared to Embedded DVR, but comes with system stability issues due to the Operating System (OS) - Generally more flexible - features customization possible - PC components are more sensitive to temperature changes, dust and vibration.

Recording Format - JPEG Vs MPEG 4 "I" frame or initial frame. Use the same background or limit simultaneous movements they can re -use components of other frames. If much of the image that the capture board is displaying stays the same then it only needs to change those partial frame segments which are moving, these are known as "P" frames. • JPEG compression is very good for capturing high quality images but requires more storage space on DVR • MPEG 4 compression requires smaller storage space (1/10 th of JPEG approx) and network bandwidth while maintaining high quality moving images

Recording Format - JPEG Vs MPEG 4 Recording Format Video Recording using JPEG / MJPEG Format Able to zoom in to picture with good resolution Video Recording using MPEG 4 Format Poor resolution upon zooming in

CCTV Terminology for DVR’s • Simplex operation = Live monitoring or Recording or Playback • Duplex operation = 2 functions of the above - e. g. Recording & Playback or live monitoring and recording • Triplex operation = 3 functions of the above - e. g Recording, Playback and Viewing • Frames Per Second (fps) is the number of frames recorded/viewable per second • ie. The human eye sees 25 fps as close to real time • Recording resolution - 1 CIF, 2 CIF or 4 CIF 1 CIF = 352 x 288 (pixels per line x no. of lines) -1/4 frame 2 CIF = 352 x 576 (pixels per line x no. of lines) -1/2 frame 4 CIF = 720 x 576 (pixels per line x no. of lines) - full frame

CCTV System Components New CCTV Technology • Video Content Analysis (VCA) can provide; • Unattended object detection • Removal of object detection (theft) • Intrusion of pre-determined sensitive zones • Perimeter defense (fence lines) • Unusual people movement (against normal traffic flow) • People counting/direction

CCTV System Components All DVR’s ARE NOT ALIKE Overall, the biggest concern in DVR performance is reliability

Determining DVR System Requirements • Number of Video camera inputs required? • Record rate ie. real time 25 fps or time lapse mode? • Recording resolution - 1 CIF, 2 CIF or 4 CIF • Continuous, Time based or Event based recording • Duration to record images on HDD (no. of days) You can then determine the Storage Capacity of HDD Other questions to ask the client; • Backup / Archiving - How? (CD, External USB drive) • Remote Monitoring Required? (Dial-up, Broadband) • P/T/Z control, Audio, ATM/POS Text recording required?

CCTV system checklist products HARDWARE Qty’s Required • DVR ( w/keyboard & mouse ) • Monitor • Cameras • Camera Lenses • Camera Brackets • Cameras Housings (if necessary) • Rack Cabinet (optional) • Printer (optional) OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES • Hot Swappable Drives • Speakers • Microphones • Relays • Alarm Bells/Horns/Light • RAID Storage • Streaming Server ELECTRICAL/FITTINGS/CONNECTIONS • Video Cable • Power Cable • Audio Cable (if using mic. ) • BNC Connectors (if using coax RG cable) • Video Baluns (if using Cat 5 cable) • Power Supplies (if not using power panels) • Power Panels (if not using power supplies) • Fuses (if using power panels) • Power Strip • Power Cords • Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) • Conduit • Screws/Bolts/Brackets • Tie Wraps • Electrical Tape

CCTV Camera Selection • Main Factors for camera selection : • Indoor or Outdoor • Mounting Locations • Lighting Conditions • Size of area to be captured • Quality of the image required • Available power and type • Vandalism concerns • Distance from DVR • Colour or Black & White • Security Objective