CCNA VOICE 640 461 CERT GUIDE CHAPTER 6

CCNA VOICE 640 -461 CERT GUIDE CHAPTER 6 Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

Analog Voice Port Configuration: • Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the router. • Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX) • Use the Router#show voice port summary

Analog Voice Port Configuration: • Configure FXS: ü Signaling ü Caller ID information ü Call progress tone

Analog Voice Port Configuration: • Configure FXO: ü Dial-type ü Ring number (rings before answering)

Digital Voice Port Configuration: • T 1 or E 1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC) ü Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS) ü Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) ü Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS) Router(config)#controller t 1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#framing esf Router(config-controller)#clock source line NOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or provider Router(config-controller)#ds 0 -group 1 timeslots 1 -24 type fxo-loop-start

Digital Voice Port Configuration: • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) ü Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS) Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5 ess Router(config)#controller t 1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1 -24 Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary

Configuring Dial Peers: • POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability information for any traditional (analog) connection • Vo. IP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection available through IP addressing

Call Legs: • Any voice connection too or from a voice port or connection or voice device Ø Ø Call Leg Leg 1: 2: 3: 4: The The incoming outgoing POTS call leg from x 1101 on CME_A Vo. IP call leg from CME_A to ROUTER_B Vo. IP call leg on ROUTER_B from CME_A POTS call leg to x 2510 from ROUTER_B

Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports: CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 pots CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#exit CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 pots CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1

Configuring Dial Peers: • Router#show dial-peer voice summary

Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T 1: Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 pots Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2… Router_B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Router_B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 23

Configuring Vo. IP Dial Peer: CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2… CME_A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 2 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#codec g 711 ulaw • If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call will fail. The default codec is G. 729 Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voip Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1… Router_B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 1 Router_B(config-dial-peer)#codec g 711 ulaw

Using Dial-Peer Wildcards: • Period (. ): Will match any digit • Plus(+): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits • Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits • T: matches any dialed number from 0 -32 digits • Carrot (^): Does not match • Comma (, ): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits • Example: ü 555[1 -3]… ü ü 5+23 [14 -6]555 55[59]12 [^1 -7]. . [135] Matches: 5551…, 5552…, 5553… (Where … is any three digits) Matches 5523, 55523 Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555 Matches 55512, 55912 Matches 8. . 1, 8. . 3, 8. . 5, 9. . 1, 9. . 3, 9. . 5 (Where is any two digits)

Digit Manipulation:

Digit Manipulation Problem:

Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:

North American Dial Plan: • [2 -9]…… • [2 -9]. . [2 -9]…… • 1[2 -9]. . [2 -9]…… • [469]11 • 011 T Used Used for for for 7 -digit dialing 10 -digit dialing 11 -digit dialing service numbers international dialing

North American Dial Plan: Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description Service Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11 Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 10 -Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2 -9]. . [2 -9]…… Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 11 -Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2 -9]. . [2 -9]…… Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description International Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011 T Router(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1

Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR): Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500 Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500

Call Processing: • Most specific pattern wins • Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1 -3]… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 2 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more specific match

Call Processing: • Most specific pattern wins • Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1 -3]… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 2 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551 Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 3 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the 5551 (Useful for emergency calls)

Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers: 1. Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called number dial peer 2. Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answeraddress dial-peer configuration 3. Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destinationpattern dial-peer configuration 4. Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer configuration 5. If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use dial peer 0

Call Leg 1: 1. (No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer 2. (No Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on CME_A 3. (No Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME_A 4. (Match) x 1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS dial peer on CME_A by using the port dial peer configuration command

Call Leg 3: 1. (No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer on ROUTER_B 2. (No Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B 3. (Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destinationpattern dial peer configuration command for the Vo. IP dial peer 1101 on ROUTER_B

Call Leg 4: 1. (No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming called number 2. (No Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B 3. (No Match) x 1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration 4. (No Match) x 1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M, Voice BRI/T 1/E 1 digital interface that could be matched using the port command. It came via Vo. IP 5. (Match) Because ROUTER_B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0

Dial Peer 0: • Default Dial Peer ü Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded) ü No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of the audio stream ü IP Precedence 0: Strips all Qo. S markings. Calls will now be sent as if they were normal data ü Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth savings by not transmitting dead time ü No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth ü Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to that of the Vo. IP codec. Can devastate fax calls ü No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside applications ü No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN source

Digit Manipulation: • prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified • forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will be forwarded • [no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping • num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern. Example: num-exp 4… 5… Call 4321 converted to 5321 Example: num-exp 0 5000 Call 0 converted to 5000 • voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15 rules to be transform the number

POTS Failover: • If the Vo. IP network fails, the phone system should automatically switch to the POTS system

POTS Failover Configuration: Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6… Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 2 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6… Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555 Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5… Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv 4: 10. 1. 1. 1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5… Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0: 1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Texas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555

Using num-exp to Transform numbers: Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0 Router(config-voiceport)#exit Router(config)#num-exp 0 5000 • Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at extension 5000

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls: Remote_RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Translation Rule: • Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number • Associate the rules to a profile • Associate the profile to a dial peer • Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/ Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1 Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/ • Match the number “ 6” and replace with a “ 5”

Translation Profile: • Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number • Associate the rules to a profile • Associate the profile to a dial peer Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE_DID Router(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1 Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE_DID

Translation Profile:

Translation Order: Applied 1 st num-exp Applied 2 nd Automatic digit strip (POTS dial peers) Applied 3 rd Voice translation profiles Applied 4 th Prefix digits Applied 5 th forward-digits

Class of Restriction (COR): • Prevent employees from making international calls but allow management • Block high cost numbers such as 1 -900 • Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office numbers

Class of Restriction (COR): • Defining COR List Tags Router(config)#dial-peer cor custom Router(config-dp-cor)#name 911 Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCAL Router(config-dp-cor)#name LD • Create Outgoing COR List Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911 -CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): • Defining Incoming COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911 -ONLY Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911 -LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911 -LOCAL-LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): • Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911 -CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 1 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911 -ONLY Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 2 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911 -LOCAL Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 3 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911 -LOCAL-LD Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR): • Rules: Ø If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is always routed Ø If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is always routed

Quality of Service (Qo. S): • Lack of bandwidth • Delay ü Fixed delay ü Variable delay ü Jitter (delay variations) • Packet loss • Requirements for Vo. IP and Video ü End-to-end delay: 150 m. Sec or less ü Jitter: 30 m. Sec or less ü Packet loss: 1% or less • Requirements for Data ü Mission-critical applications ü Transactional applications ü Best-effort applications ü Scavenger applications

Quality of Service (Qo. S) Mechanisms: • Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No Qo. S mechanism is used. • Integrated Services (Int. Serv): Works through a system of reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed bandwidth. Not scalable • Differentiated Services (Diff. Serv): Most popular as it classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with “almost guaranteed” bandwidth. Most used method.

Quality of Service (Qo. S) Mechanisms: • • • Classification and Marking Congestion Management Congestion Avoidance Policing and Shaping Link Efficiency ü Payload Compression ü Header Compression ü Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

Quality of Service (Qo. S) Mechanisms: • Queuing Algorithms ü Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among all. ü Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets classes and assigns bandwidth ü Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ

Cisco Auto. Qo. S: • Automated system by Cisco ü Easy to implement ü Reduces the time of deployment ü Provides configuration consistency ü Reduces deployment cost ü Allows for manual tuning • First establish a “Trust Boundary” • Auto. Qo. S uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable on connections that need it!

Cisco Auto. Qo. S Example: • Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!

Cisco Auto. Qo. S Configuration Example: Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa 0/3 Voice_Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

Cisco Auto. Qo. S Configuration Example: Router(config)#interface fa 0/1 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco Auto. Qo. S Configuration: Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa 0/3 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Cisco Phone Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone Voice_Switch(config-if)#interface fa 0/1 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router Uplink Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust Router(config)#interface fa 0/0 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco Auto. Qo. S Configuration: • auto qos voip: Enable Auto. Qo. S without trusting any markings. Router will remark all traffic types • auto qos voip trust: Enable Aoto. Qo. S trusting any existing markings • auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables Aoto. Qo. S and will trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone attached • auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables Auto. Qo. S and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco Softphone (IP Communicator) • New version of Auto. Qo. S is auto discovery! Auto discovery allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period and record traffic patterns and generate a Qo. S policy that can be applied

End of Chapter 6