CCICED Task Force on Rule of Law and

中国环境与发展国际合作委员会 法治与生态文明建设 课题 作汇报 CCICED Task Force on Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization Chinese Co-chair: 孙佑海 Youhai Sun International Co-chair: Donna Campbell

Contents I 2015年主要研究内容 Focus of Task Force in 2015 II 立法政策建议 Recommendations - Legislation III 执法政策建议 Recommendations – Implementation IV 2016年研究计划 Task Force Plan for 2016

I. 2015年主要研究内容 Focus of Task Force in 2015 • 完善环境立法 推进法律体系绿色化 Improving Environmental Legislation – Improvement to promote the “greening” of the legal system • 严格环境执法 努力实现立法预期目标 Implementation and Enforcement – Achieving the Aims of the Legislation

II. 环境立法研究主要结论 Legislation - Key Findings 1 “Gaps” in environmental legislation. 2 Conflicts between environmental laws 3 Environmental laws trumped by other legislation

II. 环境立法政策建议 Policy Recommendations - Legislation Recommendation 1: Comprehensive and unified regulatory framework for toxic and harmful chemicals • • • Integrate the fragmented multi- department system (environment, safety, transport and public security) to create a unified supervision system Create a unified toxic and harmful chemical risk assessment system Establish a life-cycle management system for production, use, transport, storage, disposal, import and export Formulate accidents response measures; and Clarify legal responsibilities for producers, operators, users and regulatory agencies

II. 环境立法政策建议 Policy Recommendations - Legislation Recommendation 2: Environmental impact assessment ( EIA) • Ensure that the EIA process is required for government plans and policies likely to have a significant impact on the environment • Clarify and strengthen the relationship between EIA, spatial planning and ecological redlines and between EIA and the issue of permits • Improve EIA preparation and approval procedures and strengthen the role of EIA in balancing the interests of the various parties involved • Ensure EIAs are objective and scientifically robust

II. 环境立法政策建议 Policy Recommendations - Legislation Recommendation 3: Environmental standards and permits laws • Improve standard-setting processes; Strengthen standards by incorporating them into environmental laws. Explore developing an Environmental Standard Law to ensure environmental quality • Streamline and optimize the use of legal tools through better integration with the permitting process. These legal tools include EIA, “three-simultaneity”, pollution registration, total control (emission cap), and end-of-pipe installation. Explore developing a Pollution Permitting Law

II. 环境立法政策建议 Policy recommendations - Legislation 建议 4：解决环境法律之间的“内耗” 针对环境法律之间重复性、冲突性规定过多，互相制约、 抵消力量、执法部门和公众无所适从的实际情况，建议 有关部门抓紧组织起草统一的《环境法典》 Recommendation 4: Resolve the conflicts between environmental laws Develop an Environmental Code to resolve the conflicts between environmental laws

II. 环境立法政策建议 Policy recommendations - Legislation Recommendation 5: Prevent environmental laws from being trumped by other legislation Clarify by law that the environment is a public resource for the benefit of the whole community and firmly establish a general legal principle of minimising environmental harm. Integrate and mainstream ecological civilisation and green development by the “greening” of legislation starting with the draft Civil Code

III. 环境执法研究主要结论 Implementation - Key Findings 1 • Legal tools exist now but their use has not been optimised • Weak compliance 2 3 • Unclear and fragmented responsibilities at all levels • Lack of capacity and resources • Lack of coordination • Improper administrative intervention • Departmental protectionism 4 • Weak accountability and public trust

III. 环境执法政策建议Policy Recommendations - Implementation Recommendation 6: Responsibilities, Capacity and Supervision • Clarify responsibilities at all levels of government • Strengthen capacity and authority to match responsibilities • Make direct supervision and leadership a clear responsibility of environmental departments for enforcement at or above provincial level (in accordance with the reform proposed at the 5 th Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China) 建议 6：构建协调有序、高效运转的环境监管机制，确保环保部 门和其他依法行使监督管理职权的部门，依法独立行使环境执法 监管权，防止地方政府的不当干扰。进一步落实十八届五中全会 提出的深化行政执法体制改革，实行省以下环境保护机构监测监 察执法垂直管理制度的要求

III. 环境执法政策建议 Policy Recommendations - Implementation Recommendation 7: Party-government shared responsibility Clarify accountability for both Party and Government 建议 7：抓紧起草落实“党政同责、一岗双责和失职追责”的 实施办法，强化环境法律的督促落实机制

III. 环境执法政策建议 Policy Recommendations - Implementation Recommendation 8: Increase compliance and public trust Bring • • public supervision into full play by actively promoting: Public education Disclosure of information Multi-party participation Public interest litigation 建议 8：充分发挥公众参与作用，完善环境公益诉讼制度。加 快进行环境行政公益诉讼的试点，确保政府的环境行政行为 在阳光下运行，增强各级政府执行环境法律的自觉性，确保 各项环境法律法规的贯彻落实

IV. 2016年研究计划 Task Force Plan for 2016年研究计划 Plan for 2016 环境司法 Environmental Judicial System 环境守法 Compliance