CCD Camera with USB 2 0 GIGABIT interfaces

CCD Camera with USB 2. 0 & GIGABIT interfaces for the Pi of The Sky Project Grzegorz Kasprowicz PERG dr inż. Krzysztof Poźniak In cooperation with Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and CFT PAN dr hab. Grzegorz Wrochna dr hab. Lech Mankiewicz

Plan of presentation • Camera specification • Prototypes (test board, K 1, K 2) • Gigabit ethernet interface • Final version design (K 31) • Ethernet controlled power switch • Summary

Aim of presented work • General : building set of CCD Cameras for the Pi of The Sky project • Currently: design and development of K 31 camera with gigabit interface

Camera Specification: • Sensor: Fairchild CCD 442 A 2048 x 2048 pixels • USB 2. 0 & Ethernet 1000 T Interface • Programmable exposure and readout time (1 s-100 s) • u. C software and FPGA upgrade via USB • Peltier cooling of CCD • Humidity and temp. measurement inside and outside chamber (CCD, case, ambient ) • Build-in mechanical shutter • Focusing motor control

Prototype : K 1 (2003) Power supply board Top view Main board Side view

Working K 2 cameras (2004) Installed in Las Campanas in Chile

K 2 Camera Status • 2 cameras installed in Las Campanas in Chile • works continuously since may 2004 collecting hundreds GB of data • many optical flashes and other variable objects detected • USB 2. 0 : Too short maximum cable length (5 m) • problems with transmission reliability • problems with PC’s redundancy

Gigabit Ethernet interface prototype Gigabit Network adapter PCI connector supply SDRAM ATX power connector FPGA 210 Ms ADC USB 2. 0 interface LPF USB connector

Gigabit interface schematic USB 2. 0 Microcontroller 1000 T PLL PCI Gigabit Ethernet Interface Card PCI DATA SDRAM Controller PCI Master Registers PCI Slave RX/TX Buffers FIFO 2 x 1 KB CCD DATA FPGA Main control

New K 31 camera prototype with Ethernet interface - under development FPGA Gigabit MAC+PHY SDRAM Ethernet trafo DC/DC 3. 3 V CCD drivers ADC CCD Connectors USB & Eth USB 2. 0 interface CCD supply Motor driver pre-amplifier Supply Digital & supply board drivers Analog board

Ethernet controlled power switch • 2 switched circuits: 3+2 sockets • TCP/IP/UDP protocol support • 128 bit encryption • Used in „Pi of the Sky” in case of emergency - hardware reebot of whole system

Achieved results: Generally: • Construction and tests of K 1 camera prototype and the shutter • Construction and tests of two K 2 cameras Recently: • Development of K 31 camera prototype with Gigabit Ethernet interface - still under development

Plans for future: • Starting production of K 31 cameras • Readout noise reduction to less than 10 e • Implementation of more advanced algorithms like Windowing, Drift Scan, Tracking. • New cameras with 60 mm diameter for telescope applications • Implementation of over-sampling techniques and “Zero noise CCD” concept