CB during flicker Rensink ORegan Clark 1997 2000
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)
CB during Blinks (O’Regan, Deubel & Clark & Rensink, 2000)
CB during Blinks (O’Regan, Deubel & Clark & Rensink, 2000)
CB during Blinks (O’Regan, Deubel & Clark & Rensink, 2000)
Change Blindness • Flicker – Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 1999 • Eye saccades – Currie, Mc. Conkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995; Mc. Conkie & Currie, 1996 • Blinks – O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999 • Film cuts, real life – Levin & Simons, 1997 • “Mudsplashes” – O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)
detailed internal representation
sparse ? ? ?
Why do we think we see “everything”? • Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention • The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) • refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) • visual “solipsism” • vividness through transients
Why we think we see everything • Refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) – seeing is having access
Yarbus, 1978
Why do we think we see “everything”? • Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention • The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) • refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) • visual “solipsism” • vividness through transients
Visual solipsism l’illusion de de “voir”
Visual solipsism
Simons & Chabris, 2000
Haines, 1991. Ames Res. Center, NASA
Probability of Change Detection O’Regan, Deubel, Clark & Rensink, 2000 Central Marginal
Repeated Search “Post-attentive vision” J. M. Wolfe, N. Klempen, and K. Dahlen (in press)
Visual search has no memory mask 30 ms 80 ms T. Horowitz & J. M. Wolfe (Nature, 1998) 80 ms
Normal trials 1. 5 s 200 ms time Critical trial “Inattentional Blindness” A. Mack & I. Rock (1998)
Why do we think we see “everything”? • Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention • The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992) • refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas) • visual “solipsism” • vividness through transients
Visual Transients • Attract attention to change location • Impression of continuous presence
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: m o t io n w Ron o r ient at io n z Hotel x Soda c o lo r y Bag Foot xxxx r yyyy MODULES Table
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: w Ron z Hotel Ron x Soda select y Soda Bag Foot r INFORMATION ENCODED: Bag Foot Table BAG CODED?
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: m o t io n w Ron o r ient at io n z Hotel x Soda c o lo r y Foot xxxx r yyyy BAG DISAPPEARS! TRANSIENTS IN MODULES. . Table
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: w Ron AFTER CHANGE z Hotel Ron x Soda compare y Foot r Table Foot Bag (previously stored)
Detecting changes normally • transient indicates location and ‘flavour’ of change. • if object previously coded: • transient indicates change location • comparison can be made • if object not coded • ‘flavor’ can be used to guess at change
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: FLICKER w Ron z Hotel Ron x Soda compare y Foot r Table Foot Bag (previously stored)
Detecting changes when there are global transients • if object coded: slow search for change location • if object not coded: no hope.
Using a global transient • Flicker – Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 1999 • Eye saccades – Currie, Mc. Conkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995; Mc. Conkie & Currie, 1996 • Blinks – O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999 • Film cuts – Levin & Simons, 1997
D. Simons & D. Levin
D. Simons & D. Levin
Using distracting local transients • “Mudsplashes” – O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)
INFORMATION AVAILABLE: MUDSPLASH w Ron z Hotel Ron x Soda Pepsi compare y Foot r Table Foot Bag (previously stored)
Change blindness experiments • Principle: render transients inoperative – Drowned by global transient: flicker, saccade, blink, film cut – Diversion by local transient (mudsplash) – No transient: slow change (R. Chabrier)
Chabrier & O’Regan, submitted
Chabrier & O’Regan, submitted
Recent sources on CB • Vis Cog 2000, 1/2/3 (Ed. Dan Simons) • Fleeting Memories (Ed. V. Colthert) MIT Press, 1999 • http: //www. wjh. harvard. edu/~viscog/change/
Recent issues on CB • implicit memory, unconscious recall • layout • cognitive description • CB in dynamic scenes • iconic memory, masking
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