Causes MANIA Militarism Alliances Entangling Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

Causes ▪MANIA

▪Militarism ▪Alliances (Entangling) ▪Nationalism ▪Imperialism ▪Assassination

Entangling Alliances ▪ Initial Dispute: Serbia & A-H ▫ Russia supports Serbia ▫ Germany supports A-H ▫ France supports Russia ▫ Germany’s Schlieffen Plan violates Belgium which pulls in GB

▪ Triple Alliance ▫ Italy ▫ Germany ▫ Austria-Hungary ▪ Will become the ▪ Central Powers ▪ Triple Entente ▫ France ▫ Great Britain ▫ Russia ▫ Will become the ▫ Allies

Total War ▪ Gov’t took control of economies (factories) ▪ Rationing ▪ Women joined the workforce→ leads to women's suffrage ▪ Higher Employment ▪ Propaganda

Western Front ▪ Trench Warfare ▪ Small land gains ▪ Germany, GB & France ▪ Stalemate Eastern Front ▪ No Trenches ▪ Large land gains ▪ Germany, A-H, Turks vs Russia & Serbs Both: Massive Casualties & Destruction

3 Major Events ▪ Armenian Genocide ▫ Ottoman Turks systematically try to eliminate Armenians ▪ US Joins the Allies 1917 ▫ German Submarine Warfare sings the Lusitania ▫ Zimmerman Telegram ▪ Russian Rev’n 1918 – ▫ Promising Peace, Bread & Land Lenin signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany which gives up land to Germany & gets Russia out of the war

Wilson’s 14 Points Proposed Peace Plan End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Reduce military Be fair to colonial ppl Suggestions for creating new nations w/ selfdetermination ▪ Nations need to come together to protect each other (would become the League of Nations) ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Treaty of Versailles ▪ Signed Agreement ▪ League of Nations ▫ No Germany or Russia ▪ Germany loses A-L & all of its overseas colonies ▪ Germany must decrease military ▪ War Guilt clause ▫ Sole responsibility for WWI ▫ Reparation payments $33 Billion over 30 yrs

Effects of WWI ▪ Generation of Europeans killed or wounded ▪ Dynasties fall ▫ A-H, Germany (Hohezollern family), Russia (Romanovs) ▪ New Countries Created ▪ League of Nations created to promote Peace ▪ Long-Term Effects ▫ Some nations feel betrayed & resentful w/ outcome ▫ Nationalism & Competition remain

Marxism ▪ Karl Marx ▪ Problem: ▫ Workers are exploited ▪ Class struggle is inevitable ▪ Leads to socialism/communism

Russian Revolution ▪ Czar Nicholas made many mistakes ▫ Russian was being badly beat in the war ▫ Non industrialized so they couldn’t compete ▫ Workers protested at the palace for better conditions-fired on-> Bloody Sunday ▫ Created a Duma (legislative body) then dismissed it ▫ Left his wife in charge at home…Rasputin too much power

Czar steps down ▪ March Revolution ▪ This uprising/mutiny caused the Czar to step down from power (he was later killed) ▪ The provisional government came into power ▪ Alexander Kerensky led the gov ▪ He stayed in the war (big NO-NO) ▫ Reformers formed “soviets” (local councils) ▫ These gained power and led another revolution in November called the Bolshevik revolution

Bolsheviks ▪ Lenin led this group ▪ They signed the peace treaty to End WWI ▫ Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ▪ Some unhappy with the treaty → Civil War in USSR breaks out ▪ Red Army vs White army ▪ Russia becomes the USSR (Communism takes over)

Effect on Art/Lit ▪ “Lost Generation” ▫ Generation of people born between 1883 and 1900 ▪ Disillusioned by WWI. ▪ Pioneered new styles of artistic expression through writing. ▪ Spent considerable amounts of time outside the US

▪ Gertrude Stein ▪ Ernest Hemingway ▪ Thomas Eliot ▪ F. Scott Fitzgerald