Causes Effects of the French Revolution Causes of

Causes & Effects of the French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution • Economic: War, Lavish Spending of 1 st & 2 nd Estates, Bread Shortages • Social: Inequality (Estates), mistreatment of lower classes, Abuses by the Church • Political: Absolute rule, Unfair representation in government, Enlightenment ideas

Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court Enlightenment Thinkers Economic Crises Fear of Counter. Revolution The Causes of Instability in France War Religious divisions Bread shortages Political divisions

The French Estates • Complete the diagram by copying each of the following place on the triangle • • • Main income was feudal dues *Most were very poor Owned 25% of land *Often enjoyed grand lifestyles Made up of nobility *Made up of peasants & artisans Made up about 1% of population Made up about 2% of population Made up about 97% of population Held high posts in government & military Made up of higher & lower Catholic clergy Salaries paid by tithe money into the appropriate *Owned 10% of land *Owned 65% of land *made up of nobility

The French Estates 2% of Population Owned 25% of land Held high posts in Government & military Made up of nobility Enjoyed grand lifestyles Income paid by feudal dues Bourgeoisie 1% of Population Owned 10% of land Made up of upper & lower Catholic clergy Salaries paid for by tithes Peasants & artisans 97% of population Owned 65% of land Most were very poor 1

The Suggested Voting Pattern: Each Estate was granted 1 vote in the Estates General. Estates Clergy 1 1 1 st Estate Aristocracy 2 nd Estate 1 Commoners 3 rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

The Number of Representatives The Delegates Representing each Estate in the General: Vote by Head! 300 Clergy 1 st Estate Aristocracy 2 nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3 rd Estate

“Absolute power corrupts absolutely”…. . French Monarchy: 1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Convening the Estates General Louis XVI calls the Estates General, 1 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

TTTTTThe Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

The. TThe Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Human Citizen Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the August 26, Citizen 1789 V Liberty! V Property! V Resistance to oppression! V Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

“The Third Estate Wakens” Y The commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation. ” Y They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.

The Tricolour: a new flag for Franceicolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

What the colors mean Constituent Assembly 1789 - 1791 Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité! August Decrees August 4 -11, 1789 (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)

Effects of the French Revolution • Social: Abolition of the Estates, Equality is declared, Feudalism ends in France, Reign of Terror • Economic: Widespread economic problems; high prices, unemployment, war with neighboring countries • Political: Absolute Monarchy is eliminated (King & Queen executed), War w/Austria, GB & Spain, New Constitution based on Enlightenment ideas (D of R of M & HC)

The National Convention (September 1792), 1792) M Its first act was the formal abolition of the monarchy on September 22, 1792. § The Year I of the French Republic. M The Decree of Fraternity § it offered French assistance to any subject peoples who wished to overthrow their governments. When France sneezes, all of Europe catches cold!

Maximillian Robespierre )

Committee for Public Safety M Revolutionary Tribunals. M 300, 000 arrested. M 16, 000 – 50, 000 executed.

The “Cultural Revolution”Brought About by the Convention M It was premised upon Enlightenment principles of rationality. M The metric system of weights and measures § Was defined by the French Academy of § Sciences in 1791 and enforced in 1793. It replaced weights and measures that had their origins in the Middle Ages. M The abolition of slavery within France in 1791 and throughout the French colonies in 1794. M The Convention legalized divorce and enacted shared inheritance laws [even for illegitimate offspring] in an attempt to eradicate inequalities.

The Reign of Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day! c c The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2, 639 victims in 15 months. The total number of victims nationwide was over 20, 000!

The Guillotine: An “Enlightenment Tool”? Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens; By your influence divine, We have re-conquered our rights. Come to aid of the Country And let your superb instrument Become forever permanent To destroy the impious sect. Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agents Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants.

The Radical’s Arms: No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution!

The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939!

Different Social Classes Executed 8% 7% 28% 25% 31%

Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

The Arrest of Robespierre

The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.