Catholic Reformation 1 Personal renewal 2 St Ignatius

Catholic Reformation 1. Personal renewal. 2. --St. Ignatius Loyola 3. --St. Teresa of Avila 4. 2. Institutional reform. --Council of Trent 3. Joint Declaration on Justification (1999).

Ignatius Loyola (1491 -1556) • Founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1534 – Involved in education and missionary work – Took a vow of absolute obedience to the pope • Wrote Spiritual Exercises. Meditations in four parts: – – – On sins On Christ’s Life On Christ’s Passion On Christ’s Resurrection Rules for Thinking with the Church

St. Teresa of Avila (1515 -1582) Reformed monastic life Restored the ideals of poverty and utter dedication to God Paul L. Gavrilyuk Assistant Professor of Historical Theology

Council of Trent 1545 -1563 • Areas in need of reform: – Secularization of hierarchy during Renaissance – Crisis and abuses of papal authority – Ignorance and immorality among lower clergy – Laxity of monastic discipline

Decisions of the council of Trent On doctrinal issues: 1. On scripture & tradition: p. 112, session 4, first decree. 2. On grace & works: p. 114, chap. 5. 3. Meaning of salvation: p. 114, chap. 7. 4. Number of sacraments: p. 116, session 7.

On practical issues: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Christian life: p. 111. Indulgencies: p. 120. Education & discipline: pp. 112 -13. Celebration of Mass: p. 121. Saints & relics: p. 122.

MEDIEVAL CATHOLICISM PROTESTANTISM (16 th c. ) SALVATION Offered through the church faith alone Focus on penance & Eucharist Purgatory & indulgencies Growth in God’s love By grace alone through Focus on personal faith Rejected p. & i. Trust in God’s mercy SOURCES OF AUTHORITY Scripture & Tradition Scripture alone External: church hierarchy Internal: individual conscience

PIETY Veneration of saints, relics Flourishing church art breaking) Elaborate worship services Christocentric: Christ alone iconoclasm (image. Simplicity in worship EDUCATION Highly educated clerical minority Educated laity, catechisms Philosophy is handmaid of theology Philosophy under suspicion Rationalism, scholasticism Anti-rationalism, antischolasticism

Historical Consequences of the Reformation • Breakdown of church authority: from one Church to many denominations • Religious wars • Turning towards the Bible & individual believer • Correction of some Medieval abuses

Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification • Signed in Augsburg, Germany, Oct 31, 1999 (date is symbolic) • Mutual condemnations of former times do not apply to the Catholic & Lutheran understanding of justification, as presented in JDDJ • “Together we confess: By grace alone, in faith in Christ’s saving work and not because of any merit on our part, we are accepted by God and receive the Holy Spirit, who renews our hearts while equipping and calling us to good works. ” (JDDJ 15)