Catholic Library Association K8 Librarians and Technology Coordinators

Catholic Library Association: K-8 Librarians and Technology Coordinators Cyberethics, Cybersafety, and Cybersecurity (C 3): Implications for the Classroom Teacher University of Maryland Educational Technology Policy, Research and Outreach Director: Davina Pruitt-Mentle The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05

Educational Technology Policy, Research and Outreach Collaboration Business Cyber Issues The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 2

Enduring Understanding: • The efficient and effective use of information is essential for understanding and communicating ideas. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 3

Essential Question: • How can library and technology support information literacy? Teaching for Understanding Tf. U http: //learnweb. harvard. edu/alps/tfu/index. cfm The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 4

Desired Outcomes: By the end of the session, participants will: • Define the cooperative role of the library and technology specialists in the school environment. • Examine the overlapping library and technology standards in grades K-8 • Identify means by which these standards can be met The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 5

Overview • Introduction • Cyberawareness overview • Plagiarism: – Case Study Scenario – Copyright and Intellectual Property Rights – Judicial Process The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 6

Maryland Teacher Technology Standards Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 7

III. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues What is your Interpretation? • Demonstrate an understanding of the legal, social and ethical issues related to technology use 1. 2. 3. 4. MTTS Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 Identify ethical and legal issues using technology. Analyze issues related to the uses of technology in educational settings. Establish classroom policies and procedures that ensure compliance with copyright law, Fair Use guidelines, security, privacy and student online protection. Use classroom procedures to manage an equitable, safe and healthy environment for students. 8

III. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues What is your Interpretation? • Demonstrate an understanding of the legal, social and ethical issues related to technology use 1. Identify ethical and legal issues using technology. • Digital and Urban Divide • Access Issues • Cultural Differences in • Multimedia AT and 508/Comar Regulations MTTS Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 9

III. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues 2. What is your Interpretation? • Demonstrate an understanding of the legal, social and ethical issues related to technology use Analyze issues related to the uses of technology in educational settings. • Evaluation of Content • Goal of Technology Use MTTS Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 10

III. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues 3. What is your Interpretation? • Demonstrate an understanding of the legal, social and ethical issues related to technology use • MTTS Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators Establish classroom policies and procedures that ensure compliance with copyright law, Fair Use guidelines, security, privacy and student online protection. 02/10/05 • • Expectations and Procedures Disability Statement Proper Citation Copyright Law Fair Use FERPA/ Teach Act Acceptable Use Policies Privacy and Netiquette 11

III. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues 4. What is your Interpretation? • Demonstrate an understanding of the legal, social and ethical issues related to technology use Use classroom procedures to manage an equitable, safe and healthy environment for students. • • • Ergonomics Assistive Technology Equitable Access Cybersafety Filters MTTS Developed from Maryland’s Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT 3), USDOE Catalyst Grant, May 2002. Performance assessment materials to be available for each standard on the PT 3 website: www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/. Any use of these materials should credit Maryland’s PT 3 Catalyst Grant P 342 A 990201. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 12

Performance Assessment Outline See Handout The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 13

Case Study And Questions See Handout/Read Through The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 14

Answers • Can be found at Maryland PT 3 Performance Task site • http: //www. smcm. edu/msde-pt 3/Task. III. htm The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 15

Past Focus • • Copyright and Intellectual Property Issues in the Digital Environment Internet Citizenship Fair Use Checklist Safety and Security Online Safety for Kids What Do You Know? /What Have You Done? ! Hoax Emails Plagiarism in the 21 st Century: Paper Mills, Cybercheating, and Internet Detectives in the Electronic Age The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 16

Copyright and Intellectual Property Issues in the Digital Environment University of Maryland Guidelines for the Acceptable Use of Computing Resources The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 17

Internet Citizenship Presentation by Karen Reuter • Try the Copyright Quiz The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 18

Other Netiquette Snippets: Warm-ups • Take the Core Rules Netiquette Quiz • http: //www. albion. com/netiquette/ The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 19

Plagiarism in the 21 st Century: Paper Mills, Cyber-cheating, and Internet Detectives in the Electronic Age The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 20

Plagiarism Snippets: Warm-ups See Handouts The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 21

Copyright Snippets: Warm-ups • Place in Order Workplace. html • Article in an Internet-only newsletter (1998, July). http: //www. telehealth. net/subscribe/n ewslettr 4 a. html 1 Monitor/oct 00 http: // www. apa. org/ 2(2). Retrieved from Glueckauf, R. L. , Whitton, J. , Baxter, J. , Kain, J. , Vogelgesang, S. , Hudson, M. , et al. Telehealth News, Videocounseling for families of rural teens with epilepsy -- Project update. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 22

Components of URL The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 23

Article in an Internet-only newsletter • Glueckauf, R. L. , Whitton, J. , Baxter, J. , Kain, J. , Vogelgesang, S. , Hudson, M. , et al. (1998, July). Videocounseling for families of rural teens with epilepsy -Project update. Telehealth News, 2(2). Retrieved from http: //www. telehealth. net/subscribe/newslettr 4 a. html 1 APA style format The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 24

C 3: New Directions • Cybersecurity • Cybersafety • Cyberethics The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 25

Top Ten Educator Awareness Problems • • • Passwords Backing Up Files Patches Anti-Virus Protection Hoaxes The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 • • • Attachments Outside disks Access Modeling Equity Issues 26

UMCP Efforts • Electronic Portal • Workshops • PT 3 pre-service module (part of undergraduate course) • Online 3 credit graduate course • April is Cyber. Awareness Month! • C 3 Conference (July 13 -15) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 27

Electronic Portal Cyberethics, Cybersafety, and Cybersecurity (C 3) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 28

Workshops The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 29

Online 3 credit graduate course EDUC 473: Cyberethics for Educators: Ethical and Legal Implications for Classroom Technology The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 30

April is Cyber- Awareness Month! The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 31

April is Cyber- Awareness Month! See Handout The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 32

C 3 Conference (June 17 & 18) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 33

More about Plagiarism This presentation is aimed at providing an overview of the current state of: • • • Plagiarism Strategies to Combat Electronic Plagiarism Internet Paper Mills Locating Electronic Paper Mills Detecting Plagiarized Work Tracking Down Suspicious Papers Electronically • Other Resources The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 34

Cybercheating in the 21 st Century Cheating in school “has been around as long as organized education” (Chidley, 1997). Chidley, Joe. "Tales Out of School: Cheating Has Long Been a Great Temptation, and the Internet Makes It Easier Than Ever. " Maclean's Nov. 24, 1997: 76 -80. Full-text. Infotrac Search. Bank: Expanded Academic Index. Online. Information Access. 11 Dec. 1998. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 35

What is Cheating or Plagiarism? • Stephen Wilhoit lists the following types of plagiarism: – – Buying a paper from a research service or term paper mill. Turning in another student’s work. Turning in a paper a peer has written for the student. Copying a paper from a source text without proper acknowledgment. – Copying materials from a source text, supplying proper documentation, but leaving out quotation marks. – Paraphrasing materials from a source text without appropriate documentation. Wilhoit, Stephen. "Helping Students Avoid Plagiarism. " College Teaching 42 (Fall 1994): 161 -164. In Hinchliffe, Lisa. "Cut-and-Paste Plagiarism: Preventing, Detecting, and Tracking Online Plagiarism. " http: //alexia. lis. uiuc. edu/~janicke/plagiary. htm. 25 Feb. 1999. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 36

Current Statistics State by state levels of digital plagiarism, based on papers submitted to Turnitin. com Calculations normalized based on the number of term papers analyzed from a particular state. Digital plagiarism is also growing at an alarming rate internationally, as is indicated by our many Turnitin. com subscribers overseas. http: //www. plagiarism. org/problem. html The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 37

Statistics • According to a 1998 survey by Who's Who Among American High School Students, four out of five college-bound high school students admit to cheating on schoolwork (~80%) • In 2001, the same survey revealed 84% The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 38

Statistics • Center for Academic Integrity study by Donald Mc. Cabe from Rutgers University, reports that 80 percent of college students admit to cheating at least once The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 39

Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools • Survey conducted by Donald L. Mc. Cabe-Rutgers University – Almost 4500 high school students completed a written survey in the 2000 -2001 school year – These students represented 25 schools around the country 14 public, 11 private – In class survey - 92% of students receiving surveys provided a useable response – 52% of respondents were in the 11 th grade - 17% in 9 th, 16% in 10 th & 15% in 12 th Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org/ The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 40

Major Conclusions • • Cheating is widespread Students find it easy to rationalize cheating The Internet is raising new questions Students feel that many teachers ignore cheating, at least on occasion • Students cheat for a variety of reasons Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 41

Cheating is Widespread • 74% of respondents reported one or more instances of serious test cheating • 72% reported one or more instances of serious cheating on written work • 97% report at least one questionable activity (from copying homework to test copying) • More than 30% of respondents admit to repetitive, serious cheating on tests/exams Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 42

Plagiarism & The Internet • 15% have submitted a paper obtained in large part from a term paper mill or website • 52% have copied a few sentences from a website without citing the source • 90% of the students using the Internet to plagiarize have also plagiarized from written sources. (The Web has ‘created’ few new cheaters - 6% of all students. ) Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 43

Some Teachers Ignore Cheating • 47% of students think teachers sometimes ignore cheating. • The major reasons students think teachers ignore cheating are: – Don’t want to deal with hassle (18%) – Don’t care (11%) – Not worth trouble on small assignments (7%) Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 44

Why Students Cheat • • • Lazy/don’t study/didn’t prepare (32%) To pass/get good grades (29%) Pressures to succeed (12%) Don’t know answers/understand (9%) Time pressure - too much work, etc. (5%) Other (13%) Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 45

Other Findings • Serious cheating is generally lower at private vs. public schools • Students in midwest report lower levels of cheating than schools in west and northeast • Few consistent differences by gender • Serious test cheating grows from 9 th to 11 th grade and drops off slightly in 12 th grade Source: Center for Academic Integrity study: Student Cheating in American High Schools. Donald L. Mc. Cabe. May 2001 http: //www. academicintegrity. org The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 46

Other Studies • 2000 Josephson Institute of Ethics studies – Nationwide survey of 8, 600 high school students – Indicated 61% of students in 1992 admitted to cheating on exams – 71% in 2000 admitted to cheating on exams • 58. 3% of high school students let someone else copy their work in 1969, and 97. 5% did so in 1989 - The State of Americans: This Generation and the Next (Urie Bronfenbrenner, Editor). The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 47

Still More Statistics • 36% of undergraduates have admitted to plagiarizing written material-- Psychological Record survey (Roig M. Psychological Record 1997; 47: 113 -122). • 90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been appropriately disciplined-- US News and World Report poll (1000 adults-over sample of 200 college students in October of 1999) • 257 chief student affairs officers across the country believe that colleges and universities have not addressed the cheating problem adequately-- from a study by Ronald M. Aaron and Robert T. Georgia: Administrator Perceptions of Student Academic Dishonesty in Collegiate Institutions (2001). • 30% of a large sampling of Berkeley students were recently caught plagiarizing directly from the Internet-results of a Turnitin. com test, conducted from April-May 2000. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 48

Academic Dishonesty “Acts of academic dishonesty are on the rise at universities and Internet plagiarism is in” (Mary Clarke-Pearson, 2001). Source: Download. Steal. Copy. Cheating at the University. Daily pennsylvanian. com. Nov. 27, 2001 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 49

Current State of Cheating: Why is this happening? • Margaret Fain and Peggy Bates’ 8 common themes: – Honesty and integrity have very little to do with the "real" world or school work. – An "education" doesn’t connect with “gaining knowledge on your own” – Students come to school to graduate - “get a diploma”. How they get this credential might be less important than simply getting it. – Many students cheat or plagiarize to maintain high GPAs - there is tremendous pressure from parents, college admissions, and corporate recruiters – Some think it is no longer "socially unacceptable". – Many think that anything and everything on the Internet is public domain. – Many do not know what constitutes plagiarism--they have not learned about plagiarism in high school. – Some students actually engage in unethical behavior out of self-defense -students in their classes are using it to excel, creating unfair competition Source: Current State of Cheating Teaching Effectiveness Seminar: Coastal Carolina University, March 5, 1999 (Updated March 3, 2000, Revised March 26, 2001) Margaret Fain is Assistant Head of Public Services, and Peggy Bates is Reference Librarian at Kimbel Library, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC. http: //www. coastal. edu/library/papermil. htm The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 50

So if everyone is doing it why haven’t more been caught? • • • "Who wants to sit around looking for websites trying to find out if a paper is plagiarized or not. . . pretty soon you're a private investigator. "-- a Stanford University professor, from an article in Tech. Web News. "[Plagiarism] is one of those areas in the academy that no one wants to talk about and is often rewarded by not addressing actively. "-- an Associate VP of Student Life, as posted in The Chronicle of Higher Education's "Colloquy. " "Too few universities are willing to back up their professors when they catch students cheating, according to academic observers. The schools are simply not willing to expend the effort required to get to the bottom of cheating cases"-- as stated by The National Center for Policy Analysis. Source: http: //www. Turnitin. com The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 51

How Can We Help Prevent plagiarism ? • Be clear about cheating and plagiarism policies – Define what plagiarism is and isn't – Discuss plagiarism as a moral and ethical issue – Make students aware of what constitutes plagiarism, polices about the unethical behavior, and how you handle it. – Discuss as a legal issue of fair use and intellectual property. Students need to know and understand copyright and intellectual property laws rather than – “Don’t do it because I told you not to do it”. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 52

Present Examples • Talk about past cases – From your classes – Examples of legal cases • Universities • Work related • K 12 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 53

The Right Way – Discuss copyright and the Internet. – Model how to document web pages – Provide information on documenting materials from online sources • Show them how to correctly cite electronic sources. • Conduct short activities and exercises to practice – Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proper use of electronic sources (up to date current news/need to check and verify sources) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 54

Preventing Plagiarism • • Demonstrate how easy it is to check paper mills and internet sources Have students do a similar exercise as we do today – Find if someone has plagiarized by using the web – Download a paper from one of the paper mill sites and have students analyze it to see that these sites produce poor quality work in many cases • • • Assign current and local topics Assign an initial research “short paper” on the topic of ethics, cybercheating, or cyberethics Be specific about the paper – Not just general statement “ a paper on the Civil war” – Include how many pages for each section • Change topics from semester to semester or from class to class The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 55

Anti-plagiarism Activities • Tie the topics into the class experience. Ask students to share their ideas for their paper as it is being written, rather than only at the end. • Have writing assignments that have students analyze classroom activities or discussions, as well as, referenced sources • Include a section in their paper that discusses their topic in light of what was covered in class. • Ask students to summarize main points of their papers while in the research phase – – As a warm up exercise A quiz or part of a quiz Bonus or extra credit points Part of a test The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 56

Focus on the Research Process • Structure the project so you focus on the process of writing. • Allow extended time to work on the activity – Set up the project so that sections are worked on over the course of the semester. – Have different sections due at different times and provide feedback along the way. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 57

Extended Time • Ask for several of the following to be turned in: – – – An abstract about what they plan to write about Sketch of brainstorming session A paper outline Multiple drafts A topic proposal for their paper Multiple “new vocabulary” and annotated bibliographies with reading reflections – A bibliography that includes multiple sources and types of sources (i. e. 3 books, 2 journal articles and 4 websources). – Rough drafts and/or working notes. – All working drafts turned in with the final paper. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 58

Research is a Process • As part of the paper or as a separate assignment, have students reflect personally on the topic they are writing on or on the process of doing research and writing. • Make sure students know that you read carefully the papers that are handed in. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 59

How To Detect Plagiarism • Being familiar with a student's style of writing, grammar, and vocabulary makes it easier to determine if they are the writer of the paper. • A shift between plagiarized material and student work (writing style) • Unusual formatting or formatting that does not match what you specified • Website printout page numbers or dates, grayed out letters or unusual use of upper/lower case and capitalization. • Unexplained jargon or advanced vocabulary and/or sentence structure. • Unable to explain an obscure point The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 60

Margaret Fain and Peggy Bates -Coastal Carolina - 15 suggestions for Detecting Plagiarized Papers 1. 2. 3. 4. Writing style, language, vocabulary, tone, grammar, etc. is above or below what the student usually produces. It doesn't sound like the student. Sections or sentences do not relate to the overall content of the paper. Students may "personalize" a paper by adding a paragraph that ties the paper to the class assignment. Look for strange text at the top or bottom of printed pages. Look for gray letters in the text, often an indication that the page was downloaded from the web, since color letters on a screen show up gray in a printout. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 61

Margaret Fain and Peggy Bates -Coastal Carolina - 15 suggestions for Detecting Plagiarized Papers 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Web addresses left at the top or bottom of the page. Many free essays have a tag line at the end of the essay that students often miss. Strange or poor layout. Papers that have been downloaded and re-printed often have page numbers, headings, or spacing that just don't look right. References to graphs, charts, or accompanying material that isn't there. References to professors, classes or class numbers that are not taught at your school Citations are to materials out of date, out of the country or not owned by your local (school) library The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 62

Margaret Fain and Peggy Bates -Coastal Carolina - 15 suggestions for Detecting Plagiarized Papers 10. Web sites listed in citations are inactive. 11. All citations are to materials that are older than five years. 12. References are made to historical persons or events in the current sense. 13. Students can not identify citations or provide copies of the cited material. 14. Students can not summarize the main points of the paper or answer questions about specific sections of the paper. 15. When provided with a page from their paper that has words or passages removed, students can not fill in the blanks with the missing words or with reasonable synonyms. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 63

Internet Detective • You can locate the original papers or sources on the Internet using a variety of techniques – Search for the title of paper – Search for the title using quotation marks “ ” If the student hasn't had the foresight to change the title, you may find it listed on a term paper site. – Identify a unique string of words in the paper The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 64

Internet Detective • You can locate the original papers or sources on the Internet using a variety of techniques – Search for the title of paper – Search for the title using quotation marks “ ” If the student hasn't had the foresight to change the title, you may find it listed on a term paper site. – Identify a unique string of words in the paper The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 65

Internet Detective • Check for original reference identification clues. – Follow up with a web search for a personal homepage and the website(s) of the organization(s) with which the referenced author is affiliated. • Look at original text sources listed in the bibliography. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 66

Internet Detective • Use a variety of search engines – Yahoo – Google – Ask. Jeeves – Dog. Pile – Northern. Light – Hotbot – Infoseek • Search for the phrase using quotes " " and + (Boolean). – For example: +austen +"fair share of monsters" turns up only one paper – Utilize a plagiarism detection site The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 67

Try This: Exercise 1 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 68

Other Web Sources • On-line newspapers, journals and magazines • Academic web sites like NIH, ISTE, NASA, Do. Ed and universities post technical papers. • Conference proceedings • Student work (papers, essays, examines and projects) are added to personal web pages, teacher sites and/or school websites • Try searching for: "term paper", "research assistance", "model papers', "research papers", or "technical papers" will retrieve both term paper sites and web pages with papers on them. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 69

Paper Mills in 2005 • Term Paper Mills have been available on the Internet since 1996 (Margaret Fain and Peggy Bates, 2001) • They are global. Many provide pirate papers from abroad. – The Student Essay Bank in the U. K. – Cheat. Web in Germany – A recent search of Yahoo! revealed at least 37 sites in Asia that provided free or low cost papers for students. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 70

Paper Mills in 2005 • Referred to as paper mills because these sites are in the business of providing pre-written research papers. • Most sites contain disclaimers telling potential buyers not to submit these papers for a grade, but students can and do turn in these papers as their own. – All graphics, text information, designs, logos, & banners on the website are copyrighted © 2001 by 007 termpapers. com. All term papers, essays, theses, dissertations, and research papers sold via 007 termpapers. com are the property of the corporation and its contracted writers. Our work is designed only to assist students in the preparation of their own work and is never to be used as a substitute. Students who use our service are responsible not only for writing their own papers, but also for citing 007 termpapers. com as a source when doing so. Instructions for proper citation of our company are available upon request by writing to citations@007 termpapers. com The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 71

Digital Paper Mills The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 72

What do you get? • Free papers-click on the site and download the paper. • Free papers but registration required-ask for personal information • “Exchange Sites” - you must submit a paper to get a "free" paper. • Many have a membership fee that allows unlimited access. • Most charge per page. Bill your credit card. • Delivery usually by email. • For extra charge you can have them “special order”- usually 4 days • They run sales and summer blowout specials The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 73

Try This: Exercise 2 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 74

Problems? • What are students really getting? – No guarantee of quality or currency. – Papers that are dated and not reflective of current events and trends. – Substandard writing and research. • See William Mc. Henry's "Reflections on the Internet Paper Mills" for a more detailed discussion of prices and quality. (http: //georgetown. edu/honor/papermill. html) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 75

Plagiarism Detection Sites • Besides searching the web, there are Plagiarism detection sites available • Evaluate each service before using them. – Take advantage of free trials and read the fine print. – When evaluating services, take a look at Andy Denhart's article from Salon, "The Web's plagiarism police" which covers some of the pitfalls of using plagiarism verification sites. (http: //www. salon. com/tech/feature/1999/06/14/plagiarism/print. html ) The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 76

Detection Sites The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 77

Try This: Exercise 3 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 78

Conclusion • Technology has enabled new forms of plagiarism • Technology has also provided means for educators to more easily detect plagiarism • Plagiarism is minimized by knowledge – Ethical issues – Ease of detection The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 79

Questions Contact Information: Davina Pruitt-Mentle Director: Educational Technology Policy, • End Research andslide Outreach University of Maryland 2127 TAWES College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405 -8202 dp 151@umail. umd. edu The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 80

Backups The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05

CV Activities • MSDE 5 Year Technology Plan • Educational Chairperson for the PG and MD Technology Council • MD Business Roundtable • Consortium for MD Teacher Technology Profile Instrument • TSSA standards workgroup The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators • National Ed Tech Policy Monograph SITE/ISTE/AECT • Do. ED Grant Evaluator • Sigte • National Security Task Force Education • 3 year appointment ISTE/NCATE technology Program Review Panel 02/10/05 82

Student Expectations and Procedures: – Students are expected to obtain and actively use a computer account with access to the Internet and Web. CT discussion site (the University provides such accounts free to enrolled students. ) Students are expected to use anti-virus software and backup all work. Since the course will sometimes meet on-line it is of importance that you assure that your computer access can easily support the Web. CT environment. Web. CT Student Manual - http: //www. courses. umd. edu/studentmanual/ – If you have a documented disability and wish to discuss academic accommodations please contact me as soon as possible. – The citation style employed should be accurate, acceptable, and recognizable (MLA, Chicago or APA) practice. The American Psychological Association (APA: http: //www. apa. org ) style of citation is preferred. For quick basics, visit: • Columbia University Press http: //www. columbia. edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic. html – The University of Maryland has developed a policy describing appropriate academic conduct. Turning in assignments that use substantial portions of the work of others without attribution is considered plagiarizing and is specifically prohibited. Please review information regarding the Honor Code and other academic integrity policies at: http: //www. jpo. umd. edu/conduct. html. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 83

Backing Up Files - Strategies • Large Systems (i. e. Campus) should perform backups – Weekly – complete – Daily – things that have changed • If you save things to your local computer (or at home) you are on your own –Types of Personal Backups • System – Back up everything – hard to do since software applications are big • User Files – Back up all your working files (i. e. My Documents) – The tricky part is where some applications “hide” their files » Where is your mail saved? » Where is your Addressbook/Contacts? » Where are your Bookmarks/Favorites » You have set up preferences that you will lose – i. e. network drives – Assume you will have to reinstall OS/software The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 84

Backing Up Files - Media • Large Systems – Tape • May use “jukebox” – RAID Arrays • Use multiple disks to store redundant info – If you lose one disk, you don’t lose your info • Home Use – Important files can go to floppy – Save to Media • • • Floppy 1. 4 MB Thumbdrive 64/128/256/512 MB and up CD – 703 MB DVD – 4. 7 GB Tapes – Many GB – Can also save to other computer The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 85

Backing Up Files - Example • Computer with DVD writer (I have an external DVD so I can hook it directly to different computers) – Open software application – i. e Roxio CD/DVD Creator • Choose files to be saved • Burn DVD • Buy back up software The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 86

Patches are fixes to computer programs. In most cases, we are talking about operating systems, but they can apply to other software as well (usually called updates). Patches are generally applied to the OS to fix things that compromise the security of your system. • Large systems have IT department dedicated to applying patches – Must be careful – patches may break software – Only apply if directed by IT department • Personal system – Windows • • • Under start menu go to Windows Update Wait and then click on Scan Now Generally Critical Updates and Patches are needed and are selected automatically Be careful about other patches Click on Review and Install Patches, and then Install The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 87

Viruses • Viruses are software programs that take over part of your computer – They can be destructive – crash your computer – Or “harmless” – use your computer (and Contacts list) to spam other people • You MUST have Anti-virus software (you have your vaccines don’t you? ) – Free Software from UMD • Mc. Afee Virus. Scan Enterprise Edition – OIT Virus Notification The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 88

COMAR and 508 Regulations • COMAR (Code of MD Regulations) Principles of Accessible Design – New regulation in Code of Maryland Regulations on accessibility of technologybased instructional products (COMAR 13 A. 05. 02. 13 H) • • – 13 A. 05. 02. 03 Definitions B • (5) Technology-based instructional products means instructional software, on-line resources, and computerbased equipment • • Allow for customization based on user preference Provide equivalent access to auditory and visual content based on user preference Provide compatibility with assistive technologies and complete keyboard access Provide contextual and orientation information Follow specifications, standards, and/ or guidelines Rothberg, M. (August 7, 2001). Accessibility: Making Education Technology Accessible to Students with Disabilities. http: //www. siia. net/divisions/education/8 -701/contents. asp The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 89

The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 90

Copyright/Intellectual Property and Privacy Issues in the Digital Environment Amy Ginther, Project NEThics College of Education Faculty May 27, 2004 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05

Ethical and Legal Implications of Web Development • Importance of respecting intellectual property, protecting the incentive to create • Organizational liability • Familiarity with your organization’s acceptable use policy (www. umd. edu/aug); other policies The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 92

OVERVIEW TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ● Patents ● Trade Secrets ● Trade Dress ● Trademarks ™ Servicemarks SM Registered marks ® ● Copyrights -U. S. Constitution authorized Congress to enact copyright legislation The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 -Personal and institutional liability for infringement

Definition: Copyright Basics The bundle of exclusive rights granted to the authors/creators of original works of expression that are fixed into a tangible medium Exclusive Rights: Right to reproduce Right to make derivative works Right to distribute Right to publicly display and perform Right to perform sound recordings publicly by means of digital audio transmissions The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 94

What Is Copyrightable? Original works of creative expression Whether or not they include a copyright notice Whether or not they are registered with US Copyright Office What Is Not Copyrightable? Works created by USG employees in their work Works the author has expressly placed in the public domain without limitations Facts, Forms, Ideas The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 95

More Basics Registration with US Copyright Office: Not required since 1978. Pre-requisite to filing lawsuit in federal court under the copyright act. Notice: Not required since 1978, But useful for communicating intentions; e. g. , © 2004 Project NEThics, University of Maryland. Permission to use is granted for non-profit, educational purposes as long as you attribute its source. See: http: //www. umd. edu/PRES/legal/policies/copyright. html The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 96

When Do You Need Permission to Exercise Copyright in Another’s Work? You must have permission from the copyright holder to exercise h/h rights of copyright in a protected work UNLESS Copyright protection has expired: see “When Works Enter the Public Domain” http: //www. unc. edu/~unclng/public-d. htm Fair use exception applies: application of 4 factors Library use exception applies The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 97

Fair Use Factors • Purpose of the use Commercial vs. non-profit educational uses - the law explicitly supports use for teaching, research, and scholarship • Amount of the work used Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole • Characteristics or nature of the material being used Fair use is more difficult to establish when the work is being used is fictional or at the core of intended copyright protection • Effect of the use on market value of original work Must take into account not only the harm to the original but also of harm to the market for derivative works The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 98

Interactive Fair Use Tools and Checklists Indiana University at Purdue: http: //copyright. iupui. edu/checklist. htm University of Texas System: http: //www. utsystem. edu/ogc/Intellectual. Property/copypol 2. htm Catholic University of America: http: //counsel. cua. edu/copyright/resources/text. cfm UM University College: http: //nova. umuc. edu/cgibin/cgiwrap/primerwrap. cgi/enter. php The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 99

Guidelines • For Classroom Copying of Books and Periodicals http: //www. umd. edu/PRES/legal/policies/copy. html • For Educational Multimedia http: //depts. washington. edu/uwcopy/information/guidelines/3. shtml http: //www. libraries. psu. edu/mtss/fairuse/guidelines. html • For Visual Media http: //www. vraweb. org/professionallinks. html (Visual Resources Assn) http: //counsel. cua. edu/Copyright/resources/digital/VRAg. cfm (on digital images) • For Educational Uses of Music http: //www. utsystem. edu/OGC/Intellectual. Property/musguid. htm • For Off-Air Recordings of Broadcast Programming for Educational Purposes http: //www. lib. berkeley. edu/MRC/Kastenmeier. html The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 100

Permission • Permission Forms http: //www. umd. edu/NEThics/law/copyright/permissions. html http: //www. umd. edu/PRES/legal/ http: //www. ucop. edu/ucophome/uwnews/copyrep. html#append 2 http: //www. Edu-Cyber. PG. com/permission. html http: //groton. k 12. ct. us/mts/permis. htm • Information you need to supply Name and author or work (book, journal, article) Precise description of what you want to use and why ISBN number Publication date and publisher How long you want to use the work if more than one semester • Contacts: http: //www. umd. edu/PRES/legal/policies/copyright. html The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 101

FERPA • Student has rights to inspect and review education records; some control over disclosure; right to amend the record • Directory information is NOT protected (can be disclosed unless written notice is filed), it includes: – – – Name Address Telephone E-mail Major field of study The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 102

FERPA continued More information: 1. Policy and Procedures on the Disclosure of Student Education Records www. inform. umd. edu/PRES/legal/policies/disclosure. htm l 2. FERPA tutorial: http: //www. usmd. edu/FERPA/ 3. UM Parent and Family Affairs on FERPA: www. terpparent. umd. edu/informing/policies. html Student Honor Council: www. studenthonorcouncil. umd. edu/ferpa. html The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 103

• Other Legal and Policy Issues For Course Web Pages Hyperlinks – Surface vs. Deep Links – Framing – Seeking permission? (http: //www. templetons. com/brad/linkright. html) • • • Metatags Student Contributions to Course Web Sites Student Images on Web Sites Rights of Publicity Privacy statement: http: //www. inform. umd. edu/privacy/ The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 104

Privacy Notice Requirement If you are collecting personal information, you should provide notice of the following: • The purpose for which the personal information is collected; • Any specific consequences for refusing to provide the information; • Your right to inspect, amend, or correct personal records, if any; • Whether the personal information is generally available for public inspection; and • Whether the personal information is made available or transferred to or shared with any entity. The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 105

Contact Information FOR GENERAL COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Office of Legal Affairs Phone: x 5 -4945 or Project NEThics(sm) Office of Information Technology http: //www. umd. edu/NEThics E-mail: NEThics@umail. umd. edu Phone: x 5 -8787 The Catholic Library Assoc. Librarians and Technology Coordinators 02/10/05 106