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Main Page- Geography

Main Page- Geography Mountainous land • Almost completely surrounded by Mediterranean Sea- peninsula • Mild winters and long, hot, dry summers •

Main Page n n n Ancient Greeks were seafarers, sailors and fishermen- diet included fish and vegetables In some places- could grow wheat, olives, barley and grapes Traded with other countries around the Mediterranean

Main Page- gods and goddesses n n n What is Greek Mythology? The people of ancient Greece shared stories called myths about the gods, goddesses, and heroes in which they believed. Each god or goddess was worshipped as a deity and ruled over certain areas of the Greeks’ lives.

Main Page- gods and goddesses §These exciting stories explained natural phenomena that could not be explained by science in the ancient world. § The 12 most important gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus.

Main Page- gods and goddesses Zeus- Leader of the Olympian gods, lord of the sky, rain and lightning. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. 


Main Page- gods and goddesses Brothers and sisters of Zeus Poseidon- God of the sea. His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. Hades- God of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. Hades has a helmet that makes him invisible.

Main Page- gods and goddesses Brothers and sisters of Zeus Hera- goddess of marriage and mothers. Married to Zeus. Queen of all gods. Hestia- goddess of the home and hearth.

Main Page- gods and goddesses Other gods Artemis - goddess of the hunt and of the moon. She was Apollo’s twin sister. Apollo- god of light.

Main Page- gods and goddesses Other gods Hermes – messenger of the gods. God of the market. Zeus’ youngest son. Aphrodite- goddess of love and beauty

Main Page- gods and goddesses Other gods Athena - goddess of wisdom; protector of cities. Her symbol is the owl. Ares- god of war. His symbol is the spear.

Main Page n Architecture n Buildings were first wood and then marble and used large columns.

Main Page n Architecture Doric Architecture n n The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. The columns are fluted.

Main Page n Architecture Ionic Architecture n The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. n The capital is decorated with a scroll -like design.

Main Page n Architecture Corinthian Architecture n n The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. The capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.

Main Page n City-state- known as a polis or small country n Acropolis- (acro-height) n A fortified area at the top of a hill n Protection in case of an attack n Temples constructed to honor gods and goddesses

Main Page n Parthenon n Built by Pericles in 446 B. C. n Has Doric columns n Built to honor goddess, Athena

Main Page n Citizensn People who ran each city- state n Treated each other as equals n Had equal rights and responsibilities

Main Page n Citizenshipn Greeks started this idea n Included free and native-born men who owned land n Women and children were citizens, but had not rights

Main Page n Video on Democracy

Influences on Greek culture n Polytheism n Agriculture n Many n Fate wars

GREEK THEATRE

HOW THEATRE BEGAN n 6 th Century BC to 2 nd Century AD n Rituals honoring Dionysus n Drama Competitions

THEATRES n n n Amphitheatres Carved into hillsides for excellent acoustics and sight lines Seated up to 15, 000 people

Theater at Delphi

Theater of Dionysus

THEATRES n Theater at Epidauros

Parts of a Greek theater

The Skene n n n The skene provided the scenery. Actors made entrances and exits. Actors could change costumes and masks behind the skene.

The Actors Only one to three actors in a play n Had to put on different masks in order n to play more roles. Actors were all men. n Masks were necessary to let them play the female roles. n

MASKS n n n Illustrated a character’s emotion Allowed for quick character changes Distinguished female characters Made the actors appear larger Amplified the actors’ voices

Masks Mask worn in a tragedy Mask worn in a comedy

The Chorus The chorus would stand to the side of the dramatic action and chant their lines together.

Function of the Chorus n n To explain the current situation To bring the audience up to date To comment on the action To engage in dialogue with the actors and offer them advice

The Plays § § Religious myths Stories of mortals interacting with gods and goddesses Stories about kings and queens Stories about battles

Parts of a Play n n n Begins with a prologue- a simple speech Entrance of the chorus Finally, the major acts or scenes of the play

Plays and Playwrights There were two major types of plays 1. Comedies- funny topics 2. Tragedies- sad and serious topics

Video about Greek Theatre Acoustics in ancient Greek theaters

Greek Theater n http: //www. ancientgreece. co. uk/festivals/e xplore/exp_set. html

Greek Theater n Tragedies- Aeschylus and Sophocles only

Sports Section The ancient Greek Olympics were part of a religious festival to honor Zeus, the father of the Greek gods and goddesses.

The games were held in a country site called Olympia. The athletes were all male citizens of the city-states from every corner of the Greek world.

The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the nearby city of Elis, won the stadion race, a foot race 600 feet long.

n The stadion track at Olympia is shown here. Some people believe that this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals or until 724 BC.

Rules n In wrestling: n In boxing n no biting n Both men played until one gave up n No eye gouging or died n Breaking opponents n limbs was legal Only first place winners were honored with a laurel wreath placed on their heads

Sports Section n BBC Greek Olympics web site

Sports Section City-states competing in ancient Olympics Sparta Athens Corinth Argos Megara

Sports Section Video on Greek Olympics

Pericles Video about Pericles