CATALYTIC CONVERTERS PREPARED BY MUHAMMED DOAN 9B 232

CATALYTIC CONVERTERS PREPARED BY; MUHAMMED DOĞAN 9/B 232

CONTENT • • The Origin The Usage & Importance The Dangers The Development The Types How They Work For The Future Quiz Time

The Origin • Eugene Houdry • around 1950 • for smoke stacks

The Usage & Importance • made up of platinum, palladium and rhodium • speed up chemical reactions • dangerous gases ---- less dangerous. • environment hygiene

The Dangers • Nitrogen oxides, NO and NO 2 ---- acid rains. • Carbon monoxide(CO) burn in insufficient oxygen---- poisonous. • Unburnt hydro carbons ------ cancer.

The Development • Eugene Houdry, for gasoline engines, mid 1950 s • John J. Mooney & Carl D. Keith, for creating the first production catalytic converter, 1973.

The Types • 2 types; – Two-way (Oxidation) – Three-way (Oxidation-Reduction)

Two-Way (Oxidation) • 2 simultaneous task: Carbon monoxide burns with oxygen to form carbon dioxide: 2 CO + O 2 2 CO 2 Hydrocarbons burn with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water: Cx. H 2 x+2 + [(3 x+1)/2] O 2 x. CO 2 + (x+1) H 2 O • diesel engines --- reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission. • gasoline engines until 1975.

Three-Way (Oxidation- Reduction) • 3 simultaneous tasks: – Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: • 2 NOx → x. O 2 + N 2 – Carbon monoxide burns with oxygen to form carbon dioxide: • 2 CO + O 2 → 2 CO 2 – Hydrocarbons burn with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water: • Cx. H 2 x+2 + [(3 x+1)/2]O 2 → x. CO 2 + (x+1)H 2 O • have been used since 1975. • for vehicle emission control system.

How They Work? http: //www. fordscorpio. co. uk/cats. htm

For the future

Quiz Time • Question #1: What year did the catalytic converter make its debut? A-1965 B-1975 C-1985 THE ANSWER IS ‘B’

Quiz Time • Question #2: In chemistry, what is the name of a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected? A- Cascade B- Cathode C- Catalyst THE ANSWER IS ‘C’

Quiz Time • Question #3: A standard catalytic converter contains several hundred dollars worth of what materials? A- Gold, silver and bronze B- Platinum, palladium and rhodium C- Chromium, platinum and silver THE ANSWER IS ‘B’

The End • Thanks for listening to me

REFERENCES • http: //auto. howstuffworks. com/catalytic -converter-quiz. htm • http: //www. obitet. gazi. edu. tr/obitet/yak itlar_yaglar/euro%202003%20 emisyon 1. htm • http: //www. fordscorpio. co. uk/cats. htm