CASE STUDY THE IMPACT OF THE COLD WAR

CHANGE AND SIGNIFICANCE • The Background: History and Situation during WWII • Resistant groups:

RELATIONS BETWEEN 1945 -48; TENSIONS? • Tito´s approach to the Soviet Union; an ally

MORE TENSIONS BETWEEN Y. AND WESTERN COUNTRIES AND THE SOVIET UNION • Greek Civil

• Tito´s idea of The Balkan Federation: Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia would share

THE FINAL SPLIT ; SOVIET-YUGOSLAV , 1948 • Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform • An

FOREIGN RELATIONS BETWEEN 1948 -1980 -2008 • The Cold war was seen as an

• Khrushchev ended the embargo, visited Y. and re-established relations with Tito •

COLD WAR AND Y. ´S DOMESTIC APPROACH • After WII; the Soviet model; nationalization,

• The idea of workers´ self-management; to boost the economy and inspire people

• In 1970´s more decentralization • Central control of the economy and on

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CASE STUDY; THE IMPACT OF THE COLD WAR ON YUGOSLAVIA P. 55 THE MAP OF YUGOSLAVIA BETWEEN 1945 AND 1990

CHANGE AND SIGNIFICANCE • The Background: History and Situation during WWII • Resistant groups: Chetniks ( royalists, Serbian) and Partisans ( Tito; communists) • In 1945: a federal government; Tito became PM • Socialism: six socialist republics: B-H. , C. , Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia ( two autonomous provinces Kosovo, Vojvodina), Slovenia • Ethnic differentiation ( compare to the Habsburg Empire) • Universal suffrage, non-communist parties could not nominate candidates for the C. A elections. . • A communist victory

RELATIONS BETWEEN 1945 -48; TENSIONS? • Tito´s approach to the Soviet Union; an ally but not a puppet ( like satellite states) • The Trieste Question; should it be given to Italy, Yugoslavia or to create a free territory of Trieste under UN govern? • The region divided into two zones; Trieste not given to Y. , however Tito received zone B, US and Britain were given Zone A • Trieste to be an independent city under UN govern • USA and BRITAIN not welcomed, Tito´s partisans favored by the people. . • Tensions…

MORE TENSIONS BETWEEN Y. AND WESTERN COUNTRIES AND THE SOVIET UNION • Greek Civil War; communists ( Albania, Bulgaria +Tito´s help) against royalists ( Britain) • The Truman doctrine, 1947 : Tito became angry about Stalin´s lack of assistance to Greek Communists ( who also turned against Tito) • Tensions between the US and Yugoslavia; airspace incidents, violations, made also Stalin angry. . Tito working alone!

• Tito´s idea of The Balkan Federation: Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia would share same ideology and could so form a federation • USA opposed the idea • Stalin liked it, but was cautious and wanted a federation which would follow The Moscow rules; did not Fit to Tito´s plans and no agreement was made

THE FINAL SPLIT ; SOVIET-YUGOSLAV , 1948 • Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform • An economic blockade on Y. by all Cominform countries ( no credits, no goods) • Stalin wanted to get rid of Tito, who was not following the rules • Unrest in Y. , split of the communist party; Tito´s consolidation of power • Y. was to follow its own path of communism!

FOREIGN RELATIONS BETWEEN 1948 -1980 -2008 • The Cold war was seen as an opportunity; Tito became the European leader in close contact with the non-aligned movement • No isolation; trade contacts important, reconciliation with the West • USA gave military assistance and Financial help ( Marshall aid): Tito able to create autonomy in the Socialist world • The death of Stalin resumed relations with the Eastern European countries; Y. was to have good relations with both East and West • The Bandung Conference and Belgrad C. in 1961; principles p. 85: Tito valued the Non-Aligned movement very high!

• Khrushchev ended the embargo, visited Y. and re-established relations with Tito • Y. was a unique socialist country throughout the Cold war; trading with both sides, following its own path • After Tito´s death in 1980 Y. relied on US assistance • The end of the cold war paved the way for the collapse of Yugoslavia; lost it strategic advantage as the bridge between East and West • Tensions among nationalities; In 1990 Slovenia started to process of dissolution of Y. in 1992 five successor states : B-H. , C, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia& Montenegro ( until 2006) • Questions on Kosovo and Vojvodina ( Serbia considers those autonomous regions)

COLD WAR AND Y. ´S DOMESTIC APPROACH • After WII; the Soviet model; nationalization, Soviet constitution of 1936 • The role of the Secret Police: State Security Administration: axis collaborators, non-communists to be hunted down! • UN relief • FYPS ; state ownership, Federal Planning Commission • Collectivization ( especially axis collaborators lost their land) , but still land belonged to those who cultivated it • A third way between communism and capitalism (“ people´s councils”)

• The idea of workers´ self-management; to boost the economy and inspire people to do their best • The constitution of 1963: separated the government from the communist party: more personal freedoms and human rights to the population. • Decentralization • Establishment of market socialism: workers owned their firms and shared their profits • Y. ´s quality of life was comparable to Western Europe

• In 1970´s more decentralization • Central control of the economy and on the other hand devolution of responsibility to the republics: impossible to achieve! • National grievances after Tito´s death, 1980 onwards. .