Case Study 3 Rwanda Outline Geography History Genocide

Case Study #3 Rwanda

Outline Geography History Genocide

Geography • • • Grasslands Small farms Rolling hills Rugged mountains Volcanoes Average Temp: 22. 8 °C

Geography • • Discovered in 1902 Poached for years – almost became extinct Conservation efforts – now nearly 800 alive Big tourist attraction in Rwanda

History Before Imperialism Hutus: Agricultural farmers, Tutsis: Cattle farmers Tutsis used their cattle & combat skills to gain control of Hutu land Became a feudal relationship - Tutsis were in charge

History Berlin Conference (1885) Rwanda = German It was 9 years after this conference that the first European actually traveled into Rwanda… World War I (WWI) League of Nations gave Belgium control of Rwanda Created ethnic ID cards Created conflict between Hutus and Tutsis (pro Tutsi)

Social Darwinism

History Conflict After WWII Hutus killed 20, 000 -100, 000 Tutsis fled to surrounding countries – became refugees Belgium does nothing… Independence (1962) Hutu President Tutsis invade from surrounding countries – 14, 000 Tutsis end up being killed Tutsis not allowed in schools anymore, not allowed certain jobs Political opposition was banned (no democracy)

Rwandan Genocide Plane Crash (1994) Hutu President is killed, Tutsis are blamed April - July 500, 000 -1 million Tutsis and Hutu moderates are killed Indoctrination (hate speech on the radio) Tutsis respond from surrounding countries = civil war 2 million Hutu refugees

Rwandan Genocide United Nations Went into Rwanda in 1993 to help end the civil war Force Commander was Roméo Dallaire – Canada was a major contributor of peacekeepers Peacekeepers were targeted… many nations pulled out - left with only 270 soldiers Dallaire asked for 5, 000 troops – was denied

Rwandan Genocide After the Genocide Paul Kagame (Tutsi) became President Over 5 million people displaced UN withdrew in 1996

Genocide Definition: Actions taken to destroy a group of people based on a specific characteristic of the group (i. e. race, religion, etc. ) Is it correct to call the Rwandan Genocide a “genocide? ” Why?

“They’re [the bones] there to remind people that sort of thing can never happen again. ” - Charley Boorman, Long Way Down Do you think genocide could happen again - in Rwanda or other parts of the world? Why/why not?

“It feels very much that Rwanda was left to get on with it…like the rest of the world turned their back. What does that feel like? ” - Ewan Mc. Gregor, Long Way Down How do you think people in Rwanda felt about the international community during the genocide? About the United Nations?

“He’s the only one who apologized. ” – Bill Clinton Do you think other world leaders should apologize for not getting involved in Rwanda? Why/why not?

“I was Tutsi at that time, but now I am Rwandan. ” - Datu, Long Way Down How do you define yourself? What do you think - what effect does your defined nationality have on your behaviours?

Gacaca Courts 2001 -2012 What are they? A traditional form of communal justice - elders resolve disputes by creating solutions that restore societal harmony Why were they created ? Would have taken the traditional justice system 200+ years to deal with all of the genocide-related cases Did they work? Over one million cases were tried and resolved

"If you don't at least speak out clearly, you are participating in the genocide. . If you just shut up when you see what you see -- morally and ethically you can't shut up. It's a responsibility to talk. " - Philippe Gaillard, director of the Red Cross In your own words, what is this quote saying? What is this quote saying about the role of individuals in society? Should they intervene? What is this quote saying about the role of government in society? Should they intervene?

What is this cartoon saying? What is this quote saying about the role of government in society? Is it important?

What does this graph tell us? What is this quote saying about the role of individuals in society? Do they have power in society? What is this quote saying about the role of government in society? Do they have power in society?