Cascading Style Sheets CSS Bartosz Sakowicz CSS syntax

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Bartosz Sakowicz

CSS syntax Basic CSS syntax: selector { property: value } E. g. : P {font-family: Arial} H 1 {font-size: 20 pt} hr {color: sienna} p {margin-left: 20 px} body {background-image: url("images/back 40. gif")}

CSS syntax(2) To separate properties and their values from other properties, you use semicolon: Red font 20 pt, bolded, on the green background To define the same style for many elements, separate them using comma: H 1, H 2, H 3 {font-family: Helvetica; color: yellow}

Inserting styles Inline style Some text Internal style <head> <style type="text/css"><!-body {margin-left: 2 cm; margin-right: 2 cm} P {font-size: 14 pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-weight: normal} --></style></head>

Inserting styles(2) External style sheet: <head> <link type="text/css" rel=”stylesheet” href="/style. css"> </head> It is possible (and quite usual) to use multiple style sheets on the same page.

Document tree html head title body p form img input select textarea • Document tree • Child • Descendant • Parent • Ascendant

Descendant selector ul ul li {color: green} Second list will be green. H 1 H 2 B {color: blue}

Child and sibling selectors Child selector P>U {color: green} Nested will be green Sibling selector H 1 + P{margin-left: +30 mm) If <h 1> and has common parent ….

Attributes selectors General syntax: element [atrribute relation value] {style definition } e. g. : P [align=right] {color: blue} Simple attribute selector: H 3 [title] {color: #000000 }

Attributes selectors(2) Attribute selector with defined value General syntax: element [attribute="value"] { style definition } OR: [attribute~="value"] {style definition } To match the criteria, the „value” can be only a substring of the real value.

Classes. class 1 {font-family: Arial} Example usage: Some text in Arial Different styles for the same tag: P {font-family: Arial; font-size: 12 pt} P. notice {font-family: Arial; font-size: 12 pt; font-weight: bold} P. exclamation {font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12 pt; color: red} P. adds {font-family: Arial; font-size: 8 pt}

Question What is the difference between following: . menu li { properties } li. menu { properties } li, . menu { properties } li. menu { properties }

ID selector #[label ID] {style definition} e. g. : H 1#title {color: red} Example usage: <h 1 id="title">Some text</h 1>

Hyperlinks special selectors (pseudo classes) Hyperlink type Example definition Default A: link {color: blue; background: red} Visited A: visited {color: yellow} Hovered onto link A: hover {background: yellow; color: red} Active A: active {background: blue; color: red}

Paragraph’s special selectors (pseudo elements) Selector first-line Ephasising first line of the paragraph: P: first-line {text-transform: uppercase} Selector first-letter Ephasising first letter of the paragraph: P: first-letter { font-size: 300%; color: blue }

Inheritance CSS inheritance is based on the Parent-Child model: each Child element inherits all of his Parent element's styles. Attention: the child element will inherit all the parent element's properties only if these properties are inheritable. Inheritance does not work on all CSS properties (margin, padding and other block properties). <table class="arial_font"><tr> <td>Some text in Arial</td> <td class="courier_font">Some text in Courier</td> </tr><tr> <td> Some text in Arial </td> </tr></table>

Cascading If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet. For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h 3 selector: h 3 { color: red; text-align: left; font-size: 8 pt } And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h 3 selector: h 3 { text-align: right; font-size: 20 pt} If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h 3 will be: color: red; text-align: right; font-size: 20 pt

Fonts Font families, eg. : Some text Some text Font styles, eg. : Some text Available keywords: italic, obligue.

Fonts(2) Font size, eg. : a) Defined as keywords: Some text Available keywords: xx-small, medium, large, xlarge, xx-large. Relative values: larger, smaller b) In metric units: Available units: cm, in, mm, pt c) In percents (relative):

Fonts(3) Font weight, eg. : Some text Defines boldness. Available keywords: normal, bolder, lighter, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900

Fonts(4) Putting many attributes into one definition Eg. Small caps, bold, 14 pt font size, 18 pt space between lines, Times. Attributes ordering: font-style->font-variant->font-weight->font-size->line-height->font -family

Text Letter spacing, eg. : Some text. Text decoration, eg. : <a style ="text-decoration: none" href="http: //www. dmcs. pl">Hyperlink not underlined. </a> Available keywords: underline, overline, line-through.

Text(2) Text transformation, np: There are four posiible transformations: • none, • capitalize (first letter of each word will be big), • uppercase (all letters will be big), • lowercase (all letters will be small). Eg. : This is some text. In the browser we could see: This Is Some Text.

Text(3) Text align, np: Right aligned line. Available keywords: left, right, center, justify

Text(4) Text indent, eg. : In this paragraph first line will be indented by 10% according to the page width. In the browser we could see : In this paragraph first line will be indented by 10% according to the page width.

Colors and backgrounds Text color, eg. : <h 3 style ="color: #00 FF 00">Green title </h 3> <table> <tr> <td style="color: #FF 0000">Red text</td> </tr> </ table > Background color, eg. : blue">Paragraph on blue

Image as a background Backround can be defined as an image: <h 3 style="background-image: url(image. gif)">Title on image background</h 3> Background repeat (when background is smaller than object): <h 3 style ="background-image: url(image. gif); backgroundrepeat: repeat-x"> Title on image background </h 3> Available keywords: repeat-x (horizontally repeated), repeat-y (vertically repeated), repeat (horizontally and vertically repeated), no- repeat (not repeated).

Image as a background(2) Background attachment Background can be attached in two ways: • It can be motionless according to the page (default) • It can be motionless according to the screen (fixed) Eg. : body {background: url(image. gif); background-attachment: fixed}

Image as a background(3) Background position Useful, when image is smaller that real background: background-position: keyword Available keywords: top, bottom, center, left, right Or their proper (logical) combination: background-position: top right. It is possible also to use measerments units or percentages (counted from the left top corner of the area): background-position: 2 cm 3 cm background-position: 30% 50%

Toolbars Attribute name Description Scrollbar-Base-Color ? Scrollbar-Face-Color ? Scrollbar-Arrow-Color ? Scrollbar-Highlight-Color ? Scrollbar-Shadow-Color ? Scrollbar-Dark-Shadow. Color Scrollbar-3 d. Light-Color ? ?

Margins It is possible to define following margins: margin-top, marginbottom, margin-left, margin-right e. g. : Some text 2 cm margin from each side 2 cm margin from top and down and 3 cm margin from left and right Different margins from different sides It is possible to define inside margins (called padding) – by analogy to margin: padding-top, padding-bottom, padding-left, padding-right

Borders border-x-width (x : top, bottom, left, right) border-color: #ffffff border-style: none, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, outset.

List style Lists list-style-type: Available keywords: disc, circle, square, decimal, lower-roman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, none eg. : <ul style="list-style-type: disc"> <li>First type</li> <li>Second type</li> </ul> Image instead of bullet, eg. : <ul style="list-style-image: url(dot. gif)">

Width and height a) width: Some text b) height: "> Some text.

Absolute positioning Eg: Image placed in left top corner of the page: <div style="position: absolute; left: 0 px; top: 0 px"> <img src="image. gif" border="0" alt="Description"> </div>

Relative positioning moves an element RELATIVE to its original position: Some text

Cursors Eg: <img src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%20760%20570%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src= "image. gif" border="0" style="cursor: help" alt= " Description"> Available keywords:

Cursors Eg: <img src= "image. gif" border="0" style="cursor: help" alt= " Description"> Available keywords: · crosshair pointer · wait text · default · auto · x-resize – (x: n, w, e, s or logical combination, eg: ne)

Printing web pages Two possibilities of breaking pages: page-break-before: always page-break-after: always Eg. : <h 1 style="page-break-before: always">Chapter 7</h 1>