CARTOGRAPHY What is cartography ESRIs online dictionary defines

CARTOGRAPHY

What is cartography ESRI’s online dictionary defines cartography as … “the art and science of expressing graphically, usually through maps, the natural and social features of the earth “

What is on a map? n Cultural features • Roads, lakes, buildings, rivers, contours, etc. n Numeric data • income, population data (census data), etc n Physical Features • Geology, landuse, forestry, soils, vegetation, landcover etc.

How is this data represented?

The Earth as a Globe http: //www. jonessoda. com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/globe. png

Flat surface is needed The earth is a sphere. It has to be developed into a flat surface. To do this the globe or earth has to be flattened out or projected.

http: //www. genekeyes. com/CAHILL_GALLERY/1913 -Cahill-rubber-ball. jpg

Projections Three main classifications: • • • Cylindrical Planar or Azimuthal Conic

Cylindrical Planar Conic http: //rnp 782. er. usgs. gov/atlas 2/articles/mapping/a_projections. html

Scales Representative Fraction 1: 50, 000 Verbal Statements One cm to 0. 5 km Scale Bar image from http: //depts. washington. edu/natmap/education/protocols/map_scale_bar. jpg

Scale • Large Scale n 1: 5, 000 …. . City map • Small Scale n 1: 30, 000 …. . Map of Canada

Large Scale Map 1: 2, 500 Source: Toronto property data map

Small Scale Map 1: 30, 000 Source: Arc. Canada data

Types of Maps n Thematic A map designed to convey information about a single topic or theme, such as population density or geology. http: //resources. arcgis. com/glossary/term/1109 n Topographic…. A topographic map is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features on the ground. http: //maps. nrcan. gc. ca/topo 101/faq_e. php

Thematic Map

Topographic Map From www. geogratis. ca

Map Features • Point • • City Church • • • River Street railway • Line • Area • • City Geological features Forest Landuse

Source: DMTI Spatial Inc. V 2009. 4, Canmap Route Logistics

Data and Mapping n Qualitative • Shows spatial distribution or a location of data e. g. geology map, soils, land use, etc. • Not dependent on numeric data n Quantitative • Shows the spatial aspects of numerical data e. g. income data, population density etc

Quantitative Values Map Use, Readling Analysis Interpretation. Kimerling et al Page 148

Qualitative Map

Quantitive Map

COLOUR Source: http: //static. colourlovers. com/uploads/2009/03/ 3178130243_508 e 7584 bf. jpg http: //dailyartist. blogspot. com/2010/12/ mark-rothko-september-25 -1903 -february. html

COLOUR CHOICES

10 Colour Intervals

7 Colour Intervals

5 Colour Interval

Colour Brewer Colour Advice for Cartography http: //colorbrewer 2. org/

Rules for Placing Text and Graphics http: //portal. survey. ntua. gr/main/courses/geoinfo/admcarto/lecture_notes/name_placement/bibliography/belbin_1996. pdf

Text Placement http: //portal. survey. ntua. gr/main/courses/geoinfo/admcarto/lecture_notes/name_placement/bibliography/belbin_1996. pdf

Map Layout Use of white space Fill white space with map title, legend, scale bar, source, projection information, north arrow Space map elements with equal white space

Map Layout

Map Layout

Map Layout

ESRI Mapping Centre http: //mappingcenter. esri. com/

USE ARCGIS HELP