Carroll Chapter 18 Pornography Prostitution Pornography Written visual

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Carroll Chapter 18 Pornography & Prostitution

Carroll Chapter 18 Pornography & Prostitution

Pornography )Written, visual, or audio-taped material that is sexually explicit and produced for purposes

Pornography )Written, visual, or audio-taped material that is sexually explicit and produced for purposes of eliciting or enhancing sexual arousal )Explicit, raw )Might be viewed as obscene, disgusting

Erotica )Books, pictures, etc. that have to do with sexual love and beauty )Sexual

Erotica )Books, pictures, etc. that have to do with sexual love and beauty )Sexual material that is artistically produced or motivated by artistic intent )Artistic )Sensual rather than sexual )Themes of love and romance rather than SEX

Obscenity & the Law: Is it Obscene? ) Would average/reasonable person find the material

Obscenity & the Law: Is it Obscene? ) Would average/reasonable person find the material appeals to prurient interests? )Average? Reasonable? ) Does the material depict sexual acts offensively, as defined by state law? )Offensive to whom? ) Does the work lack literary, artistic, political, or scientific value? )Who decides? )A reasonable person?

Group Activity VII: Pornography )In mixed gender groups of 4 -5 students: )Rate each

Group Activity VII: Pornography )In mixed gender groups of 4 -5 students: )Rate each of the next 4 pictures using this scale: 1 Erotica 2 3 Neutral 4 5 Obscene/Porn Do this first by yourself, then discuss and come up with a group rating.

Group Activity VII: Pornography )Now address the following issues: )What themes seem common to

Group Activity VII: Pornography )Now address the following issues: )What themes seem common to pictures you rated low/high? )Is pornography harmful or harmless? Why?

Pornography & Sexual Coercion )Conservative-moralist position )Condemns all sexually explicit materials )Threat to social

Pornography & Sexual Coercion )Conservative-moralist position )Condemns all sexually explicit materials )Threat to social institutions (family) )Feminist position )Sexually explicit materials degrade women as objects, promote sexual violence )Liberal position )Sexually explicit materials are harmless )Educational & helpful to overcome inhibitions

Donnerstein & Malamuth (1997) )Non-violent pornography has no consistent effects on sexual aggression )Angered

Donnerstein & Malamuth (1997) )Non-violent pornography has no consistent effects on sexual aggression )Angered males who are aroused can become aggressive (but this is thought due to general arousal) )May impact negative attitudes towards women )Dehumanization )Objectification

Donnerstein & Malamuth (1997) )Violent pornography impacts sexual aggression )Increases tendency to be aggressive

Donnerstein & Malamuth (1997) )Violent pornography impacts sexual aggression )Increases tendency to be aggressive towards females )Especially when victim portrayed as aroused )Disinhibition (rape not so bad) )Encourages belief in rape myths )Discourage empathy w/ rape victims

Prostitution )Sale of sex for money ($7 Billion-$9 Billion/year business) )Most are women and

Prostitution )Sale of sex for money ($7 Billion-$9 Billion/year business) )Most are women and motive is money )Coercion rare )Most customers are male and motives vary )Incidence )Kinsey )2/3 males visited prostitute > once )Fewer college educated males )Current < 10%

Class 03 (N = 104, Females = 74) )Have you ever paid someone else

Class 03 (N = 104, Females = 74) )Have you ever paid someone else to perform a sexual act for your sexual gratification? )YES! )Males - 20. 7% )Females - 0. 0%

Type of Prostitutes )Hierarchy reflecting cost, status & adjustment )~2 million in US )Streetwalkers

Type of Prostitutes )Hierarchy reflecting cost, status & adjustment )~2 million in US )Streetwalkers (bar)- bottom & short-term )Cheapest, least desirable, drug abuse, pimps )Dysfunctional, sexually abused, teen runaways )Sexual enjoyment (Savitz & Rosen, 1988) )Many report work-sex very satisfying sometimes )60% report O w/ customers )Non-work sex enjoyable also

Characteristics of Prostitutes )Being a prostitute (especially lower levels like streetwalker) is associated with:

Characteristics of Prostitutes )Being a prostitute (especially lower levels like streetwalker) is associated with: )Poverty )Sexual or physical abuse )BUT only 12% abused become prostitutes )Dysfunctional family (runaway) )Psychological problems )Farley (1998) - 66% have PTSD (v. 30% of vets) )Personality: Impulsive sensation seekers

Type of Prostitutes )Brothel - middle )Legal (Nevada) or massage parlors )Live at brothel

Type of Prostitutes )Brothel - middle )Legal (Nevada) or massage parlors )Live at brothel to service customers 24/7 )More desirable, more expensive, better adjustment, adult movie stars, less drugs & sexual abuse, no pimp )Married, normal life

Type of Prostitutes )Call girls - top (Heidi Fleiss) )Most desirable, high fees )Educated

Type of Prostitutes )Call girls - top (Heidi Fleiss) )Most desirable, high fees )Educated & middle class, well adjusted socially, charming company (not drug addicts) )Act like a lover

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Argues for decriminalization of prostitution )1959 UN concluded it

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Argues for decriminalization of prostitution )1959 UN concluded it should not be a crime )Many organizations demanding decriminalization )ACLU )NOW )COYOTE )Rationales for laws poor

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Society views it as immoral )Studies suggest majority support

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Society views it as immoral )Studies suggest majority support decriminalization )Laws prevent spread of VDs )Prostitutes account for only 5% of VD in US )Europe: VD rates decrease after legalization )Laws prevent crimes associated w/ prostitution )Few prostitutes are addicts, criminals )Laws encourage attacks (customers, pimps)

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Prostitution is harmful to prostitutes )ONLY streetwalkers exhibit pathology

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Prostitution is harmful to prostitutes )ONLY streetwalkers exhibit pathology )Addicts, PTSD, sexually abused, etc. )Higher-level prostitutes~controls on pathology, abuse )Decriminalization still would outlaw juvenile Ps )Laws deter prostitution )~2 million prostitutes in US )Don’t deter customers

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Decriminalization could have positive effects )Less physical abuse to

Legalization of Prostitution (Rio, 1991) )Decriminalization could have positive effects )Less physical abuse to prostitutes, customers )Less pandering, incidental crime, VD )Save millions in prohibition attempts )Seattle spends $1 Million/year )Could tax this $7 Billion/year

Conclusions )Commercial sex common )Pornography )Non-violent not harmful? )Violent harmful )Prostitution )Complex causes )Legal,

Conclusions )Commercial sex common )Pornography )Non-violent not harmful? )Violent harmful )Prostitution )Complex causes )Legal, moral issues