Carl Linnaeus 1707 1778 Born in Sweden Carl

Carl Linnaeus 1707 -1778 § Born in Sweden § Carl Linnaeus is known as? "The Father of Taxonomy. “ § First scientist to use the system of bionomial nomenclature or “……………. ” system? “Two name”

What is Binomial nomenclature? “BI” = two “NOMIAL” = name § System of naming organisms by using two words: 1 st word: Genus capitalized 2 nd word: species - lowercase § Both written in italics. What is the scientific name for humans? Homo sapiens

Why do scientists use Binomial Nomenclature? § It makes it easy for scientists to communicate about an organism because everyone uses the same name for the same organism § What is the correct name of this wild cat? a. Puma b. Cougar c. Mountain Lion § The correct scientific name is………. Felis concolor § And, it is a Mountain Lion

What is Taxonomy? § Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms which includes: § Plants § Animals § Fungi § Protists § Microorganisms of the world

What is Classification? § Process of grouping organisms based on their similarities § Today scientists can classify organisms based on their genetic or DNA similarities

- Domains and Kingdoms Three Domains of Life § Domain is the highest or broadest level of classification § There are three types of Domains: Modern Bacteria Ancient Bacteria

The Eight levels of Classification § Domain: * Largest level * Not related at all § Kingdom: § Phylum: § Class: § Order: § Family: § Genus: § Species: * Smallest number of members * Closely related * Can reproduce

Animal classification…. . Sumatran Tiger: Pathera tigris § Domain: Eukarya § Kingdom: Animalia § Phylum: Chordata § Class: Mammalia § Order: Carnivora § Family: Felidae § Genus: Pathera tigris § Species:

How can I learn the levels of classification? Use an Acronym! § § § § Domain: Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti? § Can you make your own acronym to help you learn the levels classification?

Review Question Why do scientists classify? What system did Linnaeus use to name organisms? What are the levels of classification? Answer Scientists classify to help organize living things into groups so they are easier to study He used a system called binomial nomenclature Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Review Question Answer What is a Domain? The highest or broadest level of classification Bacteria What are the 3 domains? What is Taxonomy? Archae Eukarya The science of naming, describing and classifying organisms

HOMEWORK § Come up with your own acronym for the eight levels of classification § Due: Tomorrow

The Six Kingdoms

The Six Kingdoms § When Carolus Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms: Plants and Animals § The use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells § Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms

The Six Kingdoms § Plants § Animals § Protists § Fungi § Archaebacteria § Eubacteria

How are organisms placed into their kingdoms? § Cell type: complex or simple § Their ability to make food § The number of cells in their body § Do they have a “True” nucleus (Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes)

Animal Kingdom § Belongs to the Domain Eukarya § The largest kingdom with over 1 million known species § All animals consist of many cells, they are? multicellular § They are eukaryotes – have a nucleus § They are also heterotrophs: * Organisms that can’t make their own food § Found in the most diverse environments in the world

Plant Kingdom § Belongs to the Domain? * Eukarya § Has over 250, 000 species § Second largest kingdom § Plant species range from the tiny green mosses to giant trees. § Plants are autotrophs, which means? * Organisms that make their own food § All plants are multicellular § Consists of complex eukaryotic cells

Fungi § Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom fungi § Most fungi are complex cells multicellular § They have a nucleus, they are? consists of many Eukaryotes § Biologists once confused fungi with plants, but fungi cannot make their own food. They are called? Heterotrophs § Which domain do they belong in? Eukarya

Protists § Slime molds and algae are protists § Sometimes they are called the “Odds and ends” kingdom and belong in the Eukarya domain § Why are Protists the “Odds and ends” kingdom? * Because it includes all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi. § Most protists are one- celled or unicellular but, some are multicellular § Unlike bacteria, protists are more complex, they are? Eukaryotes

Protozoans § These microscopic unicellular animals belong to which Kingdom? Protists kingdom Paramecium Sprirostoma Giardia Amoeba

We are probably one of the most unique organisms. We are a type of algae in the Protists kingdom. What are we? DIATOMS

Archaebacteria § Discovered in 1983 deep in the Pacific Ocean where hot gases and molten rock boiled into the ocean. § What does “Archae” mean? * Ancient or very old § Found in extreme environments such as: * Hot boiling water * Thermal vents where there is no Oxygen * Extreme cold temperatures * Very acidic environments

Archaebacteria cont…… § We are unicellular organisms called bacteria § We belong in which domain? * Archae § Scientists believe these were the first organisms on the ancient earth 4 BYO (4 billions years ago)

Eubacteria § Modern bacteria § Bacteria that are chemically different from Archaebacteria § Most are helpful, even harmless § Many are pathogenic, which means? * Disease causing § Can be heterotrophs or autotrophs § Which domain do they belong in? Bacteria domain

Review Questions – Six kingdoms 1. What are the Six Kingdoms? Answer: Plants Animals Protists Archaebacteria Fungi Eubacteria 2. How are organisms placed into their kingdoms? Answer: a) Cell type b) Number of cells c) How they make their food d) If they have a “true nucleus” or not 3. Which Kingdom is the largest? Answer: The Animal Kingdom = over 1 million species 4. Organisms in the Plant Kingdom can make their own food? TRUE or FALSE Answer: TRUE They photosynthesize Ex: Trees, flowers…. 5. Mushrooms belong in the Fungi Kingdom? TRUE or FALSE Answer: TRUE

6. Which kingdom is called the “Odds and ends” kingdom? Answer: The Protists Kingdom 7. What are Archaebacteria? Answer: The oldest – ancient bacteria 8. How long ago did the first Archaebacteria exist? Answer: 4 Billion years ago 9. Most bacteria in the Eubacteria Kingdom can be harmless, even helpful. TRUE or FALSE Answer: TRUE 10. What are the 3 Domains of Life? Answer: 1. Bacteria Domain = Modern bacteria or Eubacteria Kingdom 2. Archae Domain = Archaebacteria Kingdom or Ancient bacteria 3. Eukarya Domain = Animal, Plant, Fungi and Protists Kingdoms