Caribbean Training Course in Seismology and Tsunami Warnings

Caribbean Training Course in Seismology and Tsunami Warnings St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago June 25 -30, 2007 Seismicity and Plate Tectonics Christa G. von Hillebrandt-Andrade Puerto Rico Seismic Network, UPRM

Our Dynamic Earth

Global Distribution of Tsunamis From NGDC

Global Distribution of Earthquakes

Global Seismicity and Tectonic Plates

Continental Drift Continental drift was first proposed in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a German Astronomer and Professor.

Fossil Evidence Mesosaurus is a freshwater reptile which could not possibly swim across the ocean from South America to Africa.

Fossil Evidence

Evidence from Rocks

Evidence from Paleoclimates/Glaciation The orientation of rocks on several continents become consistent with those of a common ice-cap when they are re-assembled.

Plate Tectonics Evidence: Age of the Ocean Floor Keller, 2002

Evidence: Magnetic Striping From Kious and Tilling, USGS

Evidence for Plate Tectonics: Seismicity

Distribution of Seismicity Worldwide Líneas de Costa, Límites Políticos

Circum-Caribbean Seismicity (1973 -2006) NEIC (2006)

Age of Hawaiian volcanoes: Evidence for Plate Tectonics

Evidence for Tectonic Plate Theory: Earth Structure

USGS - http: //earthquake. usgs. gov/ Plate Tectonic Forces

Break up of Pangaea Source: Dietmar Muller, Sydney University

Lithospheric Plates

Global Plate Tectonic Activity

GPS Vectors in the Northeastern Caribbean

"Plate tectonic maps and Continental drift animations by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www. scotese. com)"

"Plate tectonic maps and Continental drift animations by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www. scotese. com)"

Plate Tectonic Boundaries

Forces and Deformation Forces Ductile Deformation Brittle Deformation

Divergent Boundary Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts

Divergent Plate Boundaries Fuerzas Tensionales Fallamiento Normal Océano Falla de Transformación Normal and Strike Slip Faults

The Evolution of a Rift East African Rift Red Sea Atlantic Ocean Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts

Continental Rift

Convergent Boundaries Oceanic Lithosphere Subducting under Oceanic Lithosphere

Convergent Plate Boundary Ocean-Continent Océano nte Contine a Magm te den Ascen

Subduction as Generation Zones for Tsunamis

Himalayan Orogeny

Convergent Boundaries Continent-Continent Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts

Transform Boundaries

Transform Boundaries

Walla ce Cre ek Strike-Slip Offsets Walla ce Cre ek San Andreas Fault

Map of Tectonic Plates

Caribbean Tectonic Setting From ten Brink, USGS