CARIBBEAN STUDIES THE CARIBBEAN DIASPORA CARIBBEAN DIASPORA The
CARIBBEAN STUDIES THE CARIBBEAN DIASPORA
CARIBBEAN DIASPORA The Caribbean diaspora population in the United States is comprised of approximately 6. 7 million individuals who were either born in the Caribbean (excluding those born in the Caribbean to at least one U. S. -born parent) or selected a U. S. Census-designated Caribbean country or “West Indian”. Read article below: https: //www. migrationpolicy. org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states-2017
CARIBBEAN DIASPORA MOVEMENT WITHIN THE CARIBBEAN The economic downturn at the end of the 19 th century due to the fall in sugar prices and other factors resulted in many, usually ex-enslaved looing for work. During this time, many English speaking blacks migrated to the Latin American countries such as the Dominican Republic to seek employment. Although they faced racism, they remained and found work on docks, sugar refineries and on railway construction. 1903 -1914 Many migrants from Jamaica, Barbados, and other West Indians went to Panama to work on the Panama Canal
Caribbean diaspora Other sources of employment were on sugar plantations in Cuba, and on banana estates in Honduras and Costa Rica. The oil industry in Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago also attracted migrants from the region.
Caribbean diaspora MOVEMENT OUTSIDE OF THE REGION In the 20 th century many Caribbean nationals travelled to the United States, Europe and Canada. 1945 -1962. Almost 1 million Caribbean nationals migrated to Britain. The largest group came from Jamaica. This was termed the Empire Windrush. Caribbean migration to New York allowed for the establishment of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) by Jamaican born Marcus Garvey. Caribbean migrants also travelled to participate in WWII. This resulted in many staying and their relatives joining them.
Caribbean diaspora The increased flows of migration to North America and Europe resulted in those countries implementing new immigration laws such as: The Immigration Act of 1924 which limited the migration to the U. S. The Commonwealth Immigration Act in 1962 which limited migration to the U. K. Some countries such as Cuba and Haiti were able to migrate to the U. S. as political refugees.
CARIBBEAN DIASPORA IN THE U. S https: //www. migrationpolicy. org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states-2017 Caribbean Immigrant Population in the United States, 1980 -2017
CARIBBEAN DIASPORA IN US Source: https: //www. migrationpolicy. org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states-2017 Distribution of Caribbean Immigrants by Country of Origin, 2017
Impact of Caribbean migration The formation of the diaspora. Some of the largest diaspora communities are in Bristol, London, Toronto, New York, Boston and Miami. The Caribbean diaspora has been influential in making laws and policies as well as participating in elections and seeking political offices. The inflow of remittances and the establishment of “Barrel Children”. The disruption of the family as many family members leave their spouses and children behind.
IMPACT OF CARIBBEAN MIGRATION A “Brain Drain” of skilled workers to the host country. On the other hand, uneducated and unskilled workers have gained opportunities to learn skills abroad which they put to use in their home country when they return. Migration eases the pressure on regional governments to provide employment for those citizens who leave. Migration acts as a form of cultural exchange when migrants set up communities in the host countries and bring their traditions, music, food, religion etc. Likewise, migrants also adopt/ assimilate into the cultural aspects of the host country and adopt their values, traditions, food etc.
DIASPORIC EXPORTS Source: Diaspora, Migration and Development in the Caribbean. Keith Nurse The growth of a Caribbean diaspora plays a valuable role beyond remittances such as the markets for tourism as well as ethnic, specialty and niche exports. This allows local manufacturers to export their products abroad because there is demand for local goods by the diaspora. The Caribbean diaspora is also a key market for cultural exports from the region e. g. the music industry. Countries like the Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago have fostered export markets in global cities like New York, Miami, Toronto, London, Paris and Amsterdam due to the predominance of Caribbean immigrants. The value of cultural exports from earnings ranges from US$30 million in the case of Trinidad and Tobago to approximately US$50 - 60 million in Jamaica and the Dominican Republic (Nurse 2003).
DIASPORIC EXPORTS Almost every major city in North America and Europe has a diasporic Caribbean carnival. In each area, it is the largest festival or event in terms of attendance and the generation of economic activity (Nurse 1999). The Notting Hill carnival in London attracts over two million people over three days of activities and is estimated to generate £ 93 million in total economic impact and is considered to be the largest festival of popular culture in Europe (LDA 2003). Diasporic Tourism. This can be seen in our local carnival. Diasporic visitors account for as much as 70% of the visitors and the visitor expenditures and arrivals have doubled in the period 1998 -2001 to account for approximately 12% of the annual tourism economy (Nurse 2003).
REMITTANCES Global remittance flows to the Caribbean region have increased greatly in recent decades. In 2014, total remittances sent to the Caribbean via formal channels amounted to $9. 7 billion, representing about 8 percent of the sum of gross domestic product (GDP) in this region, according to World Bank data. (Note: data are not available for some countries in the Caribbean, most notably Cuba, which received an estimated $1. 4 billion from Cubans in the United States in 2015. ) Figure 8. Annual Remittance Flows to the Caribbean, 1975 to 2014
REMITTANCES
CARIBBEAN DIASPORA SUMMARY IN VIDEO https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=L 0 iv-h. Us. QTs
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