Cargos and Packaging Bulk Cargo Liquid Bulk Cargo

Cargos and Packaging สนคาและบรรจภณฑ �� (Bulk Cargo) �� Liquid Bulk Cargo �� Dry Bulk Cargo

The history of the container In May 2001, Malcolm P. Mc. Lean, the"Father of Containerization", died aged eighty-seven. He used to say that he had the idea of rationalizing goods transport by avoiding the constant loading and unloading from one means of transport to another way back at the end of the 1930 s at the port of Hoboken, when still operating as a small-scale hauler. To start with, Mc. Lean would load complete trucks onto ships, in order to transport them as close as possible to their destination. The development of standardized containers and trailers, moved by tractors, made it possible to ship just the trailers with the containers, so saving on space and costs. Later, the trailers were also left behind and the ships transported just the containers.

The history of the container Shipowners were more than a little skeptical about Mc. Lean's idea. This prompted him to become a shipowner himself and he appropriately named his company Sea-Land Inc. At the end of the 1990 s, Mc. Lean sold his company to the Maersk shipping company, but his company name lives on in the name Maersk Sealand. In the literature, the "Ideal X" is mentioned as the first container freighter. This ship left Newark on 26 th April 1956 carrying fifty-eight containers, which it transported to Houston. The first ship designed to carry only containers is the "Maxton", a converted tanker, which could carry sixty containers as deck cargo. That was in 1956.

The history of the container he majority of containers used worldwide today comply with the ISO standard, with 20'- and 40'-long containers predominating. For some years, the ISO standard has come repeatedly under pressure. As stowage factors increase for most goods, many forwarders want longer, wider and higher containers, preferably all at once. Some shipowners have given in to the pressure and containers of dimensions larger than provided for by the ISO standard are now encountered distinctly more frequently. "Jumbo" containers of 45' and 48' in length, widths of 8'6" (2. 60 m) and heights of 9'6" (2. 90 m) have been in existence for some years. Efforts to build even larger containers, e. g. 24' (7. 43 m) and 49' (14. 40 m) boxes 2. 60 m wide and 2. 90 m high, are mostly confined to the USA. Even 53' long containers have been approved for use for some time throughout the USA, while some states will even allow 57'. In Europe and on other continents, narrower roads are a limiting factor. Developing countries are understandably against changing the standards.

Container-carrying vessels Anyone using containers for maritime transport should have at least some kind of idea of what kinds of vessels are used for this purpose. When people who are not shipping professionals read press articles about gigantic new container ships, they find i hard to imagine that such ships could experience problems at sea. It is very often also forgotten that even containers which have been carried for the vast majority of their voyage on ultra-modern ships will have to be carried for the remainder of their voyage, quite possibly highly adventurously, on very different kinds of ships. This sectionis thus intended to provide a brief overview of the different kinds of ships which may be used to carry containers. Reference should be made to the appropriate specialist literature if detailed information is wanted or required.

How can the ship floating? Density

Container ship structure

Container stowage plans Working stowage plans are drawn up to assist in advance planning. Master plans definitively document the positioning of containers on board. The bay-row-tier system follows a system of numerical coordinates relating to length, width and height. The stowage space of the container on board the ship is unambiguously stated in numbers and is (almost always) recorded in the shipping documents. It is then also possible to establish at a later date where the container was carried during maritime transport.

20 Container loaded Theoretically, the thirty-eight bays could be numbered continuously from 1 to 38. However, that would only be sensible if only 20' containers could actually be loaded

40 Container loaded If the ship could only transport 40' containers, the nineteen bays could be numbered continuously from 1 to 19.

Bay numbering system Since, however, the ship can transport both 20' and 40' containers, the bay spaces for 20' containers are numbered throughout fore to aft with odd numbers, i. e. in this case 01, 03, 05 and so on up to 75. The bay spaces for 40' containers are numbered throughout with even numbers: 02, 04, 06 and so on up to 74. The purple 20' container in the first bay has the bay number 01. The light-brown 20' container in the second bay has the bay number 03 and the light-blue 40' container, which occupies a space in the first and second bays, has the bay number 02. The magenta-colored container has the bay number 25, the dark-green number 27 and the light-green number 26. To illustrate a cross-section through a bay, one needs to imagine that one is standing in front of or behind the ship.

In the case of bay plans, the respective bay is always viewed from behind.

Row numbering where there is an even number of rows Center line The rows of containers on a ship are numbered with even numbers from the center leftward and odd numbers from the center rightward.

Row numbering where there is an odd number of row Where there is an odd number of rows, the middle row is numbered 00.

Color-labeled containers in a bay plan According to the bay-row-tier system, the colored containers were given the following stowage space numbers: - 20' container in the red-colored slot: - 40' container in the blue-colored slot: 531212 540788 - 20' container in the green-colored slot: 551184

Vessel celling number �� Bay -- Row – Tier)B, R, T) (ความยาว, ความกวาง, ความสง) Bays: Are numbered lengthwise from bow to stern with odd numbers for 20' containers and even numbers for 40' containers. The even number between two 20' containers is used to define 40' bays. Rows: Are numbered from centerline to portside with even numbers and from centerline to starboard with odd numbers. The container row stowed on the centerline is marked 00. Tiers: In under deck stows, containers are numbered vertically downwards with even numbers from top to bottom. The bottom row will be 02, except where as a result of the hu contour, the bottom of an adjacent row is at a higher level. In case of two half heights the bottom ones are to be numbered by an odd number. On deck stowage is indicated by code key 8 followed by an even number sequence.

Container Stowage Planning F for Felixstowe A for Antwerp Ae for Antwerp Empty H for Hamburg L for Le Havre R for Rotterdam X indicated that it’s a 40’ contr. .

Container Stowage Planning

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