Cardiovascular Wrap Up Phase 1 Revision Session James

Cardiovascular Wrap. Up Phase 1 Revision Session James Mc. Allister, Tyler Cunningham 28/11/2017 The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Outlin e Blood Histology Heart Anatomy Cardiac cycle Ventricular contraction Conduction System (ECG) Blood Pressure/ Local Controls The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Characteristics: Reticulocyte- Fragments of nucleus remaining Erythrocyte- Eosin staining cell around 8µm. They live for around 30 days. Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophil polymorph • Granules in its cytoplasme • Most common white blood cell • They have a multilobulated nucleus. • They live for around 6 hours. Monocytes Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Eosinophils • Stains “acidic” due to granules, • Bi-lobed nucleus. • Protect against parasite infections Monocytes Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Basophil • Stains “basic” due to granules, • Masked nucleus due to granules (Histamine) • Responsible for allergic reactions Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes • Kidney shaped nucleus • Produced in bone marrow • Differentiate into resident macrophages Monocytes Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes: • Small cell, small amount of cytoplasm • Grow in size when activated by macrophage • B-plasma cell produce antibodies Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Mast Cell • Allergic reaction • Surface Ig. E receptors • Granules of histamine • Scarce Monocytes Lymphocytes Mast Cell The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Blood Histology The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Histology- What Else, How? http: //www. histology. leeds. ac. u k/ https: //www. brainscape. com/packs/phase-1 -histology-5649279 Myocardium Muscle Structure and Characteristics The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Anatomy The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Mediastinu m Anterior : Superior: 1. Thymus 2. 1. Superior Vena Cava Arch of Aorta Middle: Posterior: 1. 2. 1. Descending Aorta 2. Oesophagus 3. Azygous system of veins 3. Heart Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information… Diaphragm. T 8 - Vena Cava (8) T 10 - Oesophagus (10) T 12 - Aorta

Pericardiu m Fibrous Pericardium The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information… Myocardium • Fist in balloon Lubricate the moving myocardium from the stationary surroundings (20 m. L) *Too much pericardial fluid= cardiac tamponade Pericardial fluid • • Serous Pericardium

Structure of the Aorta. Quiz 2 6 7 1 Coronary arteries fill on diastole 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Right Subclavian Right Common Carotid Brachiocephalic Trunk Right Coronary Artery Ligamentum Arteriosum Left Common Carotid Left Subclavian 3 5 4 The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Coronary Arteries Atrioventricular Sulcus Supply Posterior interventricular Population % Right Coronary Artery 70% Left Coronary Artery 10% Both Coronary Arteries 20% Both SAN and AVN are supplies by the right coronary artery The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information… 3 D Anatomy

Interior of Heart The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Surface Markings - IMPORTANT What is the surface marking for the apex beat? (3 marks) Apex beat- 5 th intercostal space on the left, midclavicular line (mitral valve closing) Arch of the aorta= T 4 The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Definitions Preload is the amount of stretch that the myocytes experience after ventricular filling, but before ventricular contraction. It takes into account atrial contraction and passive contraction. Afterload is the force required to overcome the aortic valve and successfully eject its contents into the aorta. Resistance is the friction caused by arteries. Arterioles have the most resistance from any blood vessel. It acts to control blood flow. Compliance is the ability for elastic tissues to receive and stretch in response to incoming higher pressure blood. Elasticity is the ability for a blood vessel to recoil in response to decreasing pressure in its lumen. Contractility relates to the muscle fibre spindles and is the force of contraction for one spindle. The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Cardiac Cycle The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Ventricular contraction 4 – resting membrane potential 0 – depolarisation 1 – transient movement (partial repolarisation) 2 – plateau 3 – repolarisation The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Frank-starling mechanism • Stroke volume (SV) increases as End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) increases • the more the myocardium is stretched, the greater the force of contraction • ↑EDV =↑Stretch=↑Force of contraction • Works up to a point, then heart becomes too stretched - Cardiac Failure The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Cardiovascular equations The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Control of BP Cranial Nerves (afferent)9 and (efferent)10 Sympathetic chain BP can be controlled by CO and TPR BP= CO X TPR CO = HR X SV • TPR is mainly determined by arterioles and their radius. This is in turn affected by local, neural and hormonal factors. • Flow= change in pressure/radius The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

TPR Vasoconstrictors Vasodilators Local Extrinsic Endothelin-1 SNS ↓ O 2 ANP Epinphrenine ↑ CO 2 PSNS Angiotensin II Bradykinin Vasopressin NO ↑ K+ The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

RAAS The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

EC G The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

EC G • The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information… P-wave Atrial Depolarisation (left and right) • 0. 12 seconds duration • Smooth curve

EC G • The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information… P-wave QRS Complex Atrial Depolarisation (left and right) • Ventricular Depolarisation AND Atrial • 0. 12 seconds duration Repolarisation (left and right) • Smooth curve • 0. 12 seconds duration • Sharp peaks

EC G T- wave • Ventricular repolarisation • 0. 12 seconds duration • Smooth peak The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

EC G The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

ECG Principles REMEMBER: • PQRST • 0. 12 SECONDS • Cardiac Cycle The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

General Revision Tips • Start revising around Feb/ March 2018 • You. Tube! (Armando Hasudungan, Handwritten Tutorials, Dr Najeeb, Khan Academy) • Some crazy mnemonics (In Notes) The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

General Revision Tips Key points list Make Bigger to read The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

One. Notes One. Note Anatomy Notes: jmcallister 1@sheffield. ac. uk The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

Question s? jmcallister 1@sheffield. ac. uk tcunningham 1@Sheffield. ac. uk The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…

PTS 10 th Anniversary Competition!! Peer Teaching Society is proud to present: Prizes: Sponsored by 1 st: £ 100 2 nd: £ 50 3 rd: £ 25 + 1 yr Pastes+ membership Do you make great revision notes and feel that future medical students would benefit from them? Submit revision documents that YOU have made for the chance to win some great cash prizes. . whilst also boosting your CV!! See full details on the Competition page of the Peer Teaching Website. Link: http: //www. peerteaching. co. uk/competition. html