Cardiovascular System Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System Overview Consists

Cardiovascular System Chapter 7

Cardiovascular System Overview � Consists of the heart and blood vessels � The heart pumps blood throughout the body � Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

The Heart � Muscular Organ � Hollow interior � Pumps blood throughout the body � Four chambers � Upper chambers � Lower chambers

Structure of the Heart � Four Chambers Right atrium (upper chamber) � Left atrium (upper chamber) � Right ventricle (lower chamber) � Left ventricle (lower chamber) � � Septum — divides heart into right and left portions Interatrial septum — separates the atria � Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles �

(continued) Structure of the Heart � Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle � mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle � pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery � aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta �

Layers of the Heart � endocardium � membrane heart that lines the interior cavities of the � myocardium � Thick, muscular layer � epicardium � Outer membrane � Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

Structures of the Heart

Blood Vessels � arteries � vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles � aorta � large artery branching from the left ventricle � arterioles � small vessels receive blood from the arteries

(continued) Blood Vessels � capillaries � tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules � small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins � vessels venules that carry blood to the heart from the

Coronary Arteries

Blood and Lymph Circulation

Arteries

Veins

Blood Pressure � Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers � Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

Blood Pressure Terms � diastole � period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria � systole � period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery � normotension � normal blood pressure

(continued) Blood Pressure Terms � hypotension � low blood pressure � hypertension � high blood pressure

Blood Pressure Determination

Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow

Types of Aneurysms

Coronary Artery Disease