Cardiovascular System Chapter 11 https youtu beo HMmtq

Function Of The Cardio-vascular System • Cardiovascular system: › Transports nutrients, oxygen & waste › Distributes hormones & antibodies › Helps regulate body temp Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2

The Heart Continued… § § § Two-sided, double pump Weighs less than a pound Slightly bigger than a fist Located between the lungs Positioned partially to the left of the sternum Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3

Function Of The Heart… § Pumps blood…. . § http: //youtu. be/u. R 4

Internal Structures Of The Heart § Atria § Top two chambers § Blood enters the heart § Ventricles § Lower two chambers § Blood leaves the heart § Septum • Divides the right and left sides of the heart § Valves • Prevent the backflow of blood • Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=H 04 d 3 r. JCLCE&feature=relat ed Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5

Internal Structures of the Heart Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate

Flow Of Blood Through Heart Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate

Games http: //www. purposegames. com/game/labelthe-heart-quiz http: //www. free-anatomyquiz. com/heart. Qs 1. html Copyright ©

Coronary Circulation https: //youtu. be/t. BQa 8 IBz. P 6 I Copyright © 2007

Layers of the Heart http: //youtu. be/w. XDB__v_DVc Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc.

Layers of the Heart § Pericardium § Sac that surrounds the heart provides lubrication between the heart and surrounding structures to prevent tissue damage § Epicardium § Outer layer on the heart Myocardium § The thickest layer, consisting of muscle tissue § Endocardium § Smooth layer of cells lining the inside of the heart and forming the valves § Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11

Post Dissection Questions… Please answer the following questions in full sentences. Each person must have their own paper due at the end of the period… Why is it important to use sterile gloves and PPE during a surgical procedure? (3 pts) Describe the flow of blood through the heart include the passage through all vessels, cavities and valves (10 Pts) Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12

Disorders Of The CV System ØCardiovascular disease (CVD) § A general term for the combined effects of atherosclerosis, or other disease of the coronary arteries… ØMI (Myocardial Infarction) also known as a heart attack caused by cardiovascular disease… Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13

Disorders (Continued) Ø Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) § The heart is unable to pump efficiently due to damage…. Fluid backs up… § Causes: MI, infection, valve disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System Ø Atherosclerosis (Plaque) • A narrowing of blood vessels caused by deposits of fatty material containing calcium and cholesterol Ø Arrhythmia • A disturbance of the heart’s rhythm caused by a defect in the heart’s pacemaker cells or by damage to heart tissue Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15

Assessment Techniques Measuring pulse and blood pressure Listening to heart sounds Determining cardiac output Measuring electrical activity with electrocardiography Inserting a cardiac catheter Using echocardiography Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16

Heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic cycle. Systole = contraction Diastole = relaxation Heart rate = the number of contractions per minute Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17

Pulse • With each heartbeat, blood surges against the walls of the arteries. This

Heart Sounds “Lub Dub” is the classic sound that should be audible. § These sounds are heard due to the opening/closing of the valves § Stethoscope is used to auscultate the sounds § http: //youtu. be/d. Dg 7 GDp. R 1 RE § Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19

HEART SOUNDS SR Aortic Stenosis Mixed Sounds http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=X 0 p 9 Gqva. KDw&feature=fvwr el http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=42 Iah. K-zxj 0 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? f eature=endscreen&v=Wj. P 1 f. Djb E_s&NR=1 Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20

Assessment Techniques Cardiac catheterization › Used to measure pressure in the chambers of the heart, and view obstructions in the coronary arteries A tube is inserted through the femoral artery Dye is then released and traced using x-ray Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21

Cardiac Catheterization https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Je. H 4 z. Pz. Qg. Rc Copyright

Tests… Ø Echocardiogram • Uses sound waves to visualize the heart structures • http:

Myocardial contractions are stimulated by electrical impulses. Electrical conduction system: Sinoatrial (SA) node – pacemaker of the heart Atrioventricular (AV) node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24

Hearts Electrical System • Myocardial contractions are stimulated by electrical impulse from the hearts conduction system • Electrical conduction system: Sinoatrial (SA) node – pacemaker of the heart Atrioventricular (AV) node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25

Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26

EKG Electrocardiogram • Measures the electrical activity of the heart. • Electrical signals displayed as waveforms. • Waveforms represent different parts of the cardiac cycle. • Normal sinus rhythm is one cardiac cycle. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27

Normal EKG https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=lrj. AYCi 1 du. I Copyright © 2007

file: ///C: /Users/seckelbarger/Google%20 Drive/AMedical%20 I%20 Share/Ch. %2011%20%20 CV/Basic%20 EKG. html Copyright © 2007 by

Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrocardiogram-(ECG-EKG) Measures electrical currents in the heart 3 to 12 leads or more attached to the person being treated http: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=endscreen&v= v 3 b-Yh. Zm. Qu 8&NR=1 Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 30

When should an EKG be performed? Unexplained chest pain suggestive of coronary artery disease. Palpitations or irregular heartbeat Abnormal heart sounds heard Symptoms, such as shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting. Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 31

12 -Lead vs 5 -Lead EKG Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an

Issues and Innovations Ø Heart replacement and transplants 1967 - First heart replacement Approximately 2, 300 heart transplants each year in the United States http: //www. medicalvideos. org/play. php? vid=2062 Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 33

Issues and Innovations › 2005 FDA approved use of a total artificial heart Used in patients with irreversible failure of the ventricles › More than 3, 000 people are on a waiting list for a heart transplant › http: //newsroom. ucla. edu/releases/man-s-heartremoved-and-replaced-241430 Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 34

Abio. Cor Heart Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier

Artificial Heart https: //yo utu. be/i 9 WUHSJr hm 4 https: //youtu. be/h. Bje.

Blood Vessels § Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Have high pressure High O 2 and nutrients § Veins Carry blood back to the heart High in CO 2 & waste products Contain one way valves Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 37