Cardiovascular Physiology From cardiovascular reactivity studies to endothelial

Cardiovascular Physiology: From cardiovascular reactivity studies to endothelial cells culture

Goals • To present the studies that have been done in the past ten years • To explore next research questions in cardiovascular physiology

• 2006 : Cardiovascular reactivity in normotensive young adults with family history of hypertension

• Cardiovascular reactivity is a set of changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and other hemodynamic parameters in response to a stimulus (Falkner, 1996).

Cardiovascular reactivity Pre-clinical cardiovascular disease state Structural and functional changes in cardiovascular system in clinically healthy individuals that if progress can lead to manifestations of hypertension, coronary heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke (Treiber et al. , 2003).

Laboratory methods for assessing cardiovascular reactivity Controlled Short-term Mental test Physical test Arithmetic test Cold pressor Stroop color word conflict test Postural change Video game Isotonic exercise Interview Isometric exercise Reaction time

(Jenie & Noor, 2010)

Cardiovascular reactivity to earthquake (Mutiara Medika, 2006, 9(1), p 57 -62) Yogyakarta Earthquake 2006

• The theme of cardiovascular reactivity as one of topics of research is still going on. • 2015 : Cardiovascular reactivity to mental test, cold pressor test, and postural changes in normotensive women who lives in area near the airport compared to normotensive women who lives remote from the airport (The correlation between CV reactivity and noisy)

• 2009: The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development atherosclerosis in Wistar rats (an in vivo study on the effect of Captopril to the oxidative stress) – Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: chronic inflammation, thrombus formation – Role of endothelial cells to inhibit thrombus formation; role of activated platelets

Endothelial cells as thromboregulator (Vinik et al. , 2001) 12

Cardiac mortality by gender in the world

2010: ROLE OF TESTOSTERONE IN PLATELET ADHESION AND AGGREGATION MEDIATED BY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS : an in vitro Study of c. AMP Level in Platelets, Expression of COX-2, ER-Β, ICAM-1, and CD 40 in Endothelial Cell Culture Exposed to High Glucose Umbilical cord collection Isolation of endothelial cells

Primary culture of HUVEC Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Cell harvest and cell counting

Subculture 24 wells microplate Subculture of HUVEC Exposure of testosterone and high glucose for 24 hours

Hasil dan Pembahasan 70 60 50 Agregasi trombosit maksimal 40 (%) 30 GN 20 GT 10 0 GN GT T 0 29. 3 46. 5 Kelompok T 10 T 1 25 28. 55 43. 9 48. 1 T 100 29. 15 37. 45 Gambar 4. 5 Tes agregasi trombosit dimediasi endotel pasca terpapar testosteron dosis bertingkat dalam lingkungan glukosa normal atau glukosa tinggi (Jenie, et al. , 2015)

• What next ?

• Platelets activation: a series of changes in platelets morphology and phenotype, for platelets to become proadhesion, procoagulation, and prothrombosis. • On the activated platelets, inside-tooutside and outside-to-inside signal occure.

2016: A preliminary study on platelet reactivity in normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension, CVD-IA proceeding

• Alhamdu. LILLAHi Robbil ‘alamiin