CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES What is a cardiovascular emergency Cardiac

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES

What is a cardiovascular emergency? . . .

Cardiac Compromise O Blanket term O Sometimes called Acute Coronary Syndrome or ACS O Refers to a cardiac event of rapid onset O ACS {ischemia}

Cardiac Compromise can be caused by disorders that affect the condition and function of the heart: O CAD O Aneurism O Electrical malfunctions O Mechanical malfunctins O Angina

O CHF O Thrombus Blood Clot O Embolism Lodging of an Embolis O AMI

CAD O Coronary Arteries O Narrowing or blockage O Blood flow reduced, impeding O 2 to the heart O Under stress or exertion, Hear rate ↑s increasing oxygen demand

The culprits: O Arteriosclerosis Stiffening or hardening of the arterial wall from Ca++ deposits Elasticity is lost changing blood flow and ↑ng B/P

O Atherosclerosis Build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries Narrowing of the diameter of the vessel

Aneurism O Angina Pectoris Literally means a pain in the chest CAD

CHF O Congestive Heart Failure O Inadequate pumping of the heart O Left sided heart failure O May be brought on by Diseased heart valves HTN COPD

Resulting in O Edema backup of fluids O Cardiogenic Shock

Signs and symptoms of CHF O Tachycardia O Dyspnea O Normal or ↑d B/P O Cyanosis O Diaphoresis O Cool / clammy / skin O Rales

O Anxiety O Confusion O Pedal edema O JVD {late sign} O ABD distension

Treatment Modalities O O 2 O POC O ASA Adm. O Nitro Assist

Nitroglycerin O Vasodilater Results in more blood staying in the veins of the body → less blood returning to the heart ↓ng the work load of the heart O Patient instructions

Indications O CP O History O Med belongs to Pt. O Systolic pressure >100 O You have medical direction to assist online or offline

Contraindications: O Hypotension O Pulse rate <50 or >100 O Head injury O Pediatric O Maximum dose taken O Had taken any drug for ED

Administration O Rights: med dose expiration date check interventions last dose taken and effect O Assist in the administration sublingual O Document

Actions O Vasodilator O ↓s workload of the heart Side Effects O Hypotension O Headache O Pulse rate changes

ASA Can administer Indications O CP O Pt. not allergic O No history of asthma O Pt. is on no other anitcoagulant drugs O Able to swallow O Medical Direction Online or offline

Contraindications O Unable to swallow O Allergic O History of asthma O Ulcer or recent bleeding O Bleeding disorder Medical direction may deem benefits outweigh the risks

Dosage 81 mg 2 to 4 tablets 162 mg to 324 mg Administration O Chew

Actions O Prevents blood from clotting Side Effects O Nausea O Vomiting O Heartburn O Bleeding O If allergic- Bronchospasms & wheezing

Cardiogenic Shock O Inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to the circulatory system and tissues O Pump failure O Left ventricular function is so compromised the heart cannot meet the body’s metabolic needs

O May be acute or progressive Compensation attempts: O Increasing contractility O Improving preload O Reducing peripheral resistance O Or by all three