Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR Tutorial Introduction This CPR

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Tutorial

Introduction Ø This CPR tutorial is designed for adults interested in learning Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation. This tutorial is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care or for CPR certification. Ø This tutorial will take approximately 45 minutes and includes a review section and a short quiz. Ø Use the action buttons or hyperlinks to continue the tutorial. Use the ESC key on your keyboard to exit at anytime.

CPR=Life Ø By assessing this online CPR tutorial today you may save someone's life tomorrow. Ø Did you know that over a million-and-a-half heart attacks happens every year, and more than 20% of people die before even reaching a hospital. Latest data shows that cardiac arrest is becoming the number one cause of death. Ø When the heart stops, the absence of oxygenated blood can cause permanent brain damage in only a few minutes. Death will occur within approximately 8 -10 minutes.

CPR Basics Ø During cardiac arrest, there is no blood flow. Chest compressions create a small amount of blood flow to the vital organs such as the brain and heart. The more effective the chest compressions, the more blood flow is produced. Ø If chest compressions are too shallow or too slow or chest compressions that are interrupted frequently do not deliver as much blood flow to the brain and heart. Ø Every time chest compressions are restarted following an interruption, the first few compressions are not as effective as later compressions. Frequent or prolonged interruptions in chest compressions decrease blood flow and the victim's chance of survival.

Adult CPR As per the AHA Guidelines Before you begin. The first step of CPR is to assess the victim and check responsiveness. Gently shake the victim and shout, "Are you OK? " If the person answers, CPR is not needed. If the person is unresponsive or conscious and showing signs of a stroke or heart attack, call 911 immediately and initiate the ABC's of CPR which include: (A)-Airway, (B)-Breaths, (C)-Circulation

Do NOT……. . …move the victim until CPR is given or qualified help arrives. . leave the victim unattended. . make the victim drink. . throw water on the victim's face. . put the victim into a sitting position. . slap his/her face. Unless the scene dictates otherwise threat of fire or explosion victim must be on a hard surface. Place victim level or head slightly lower than body.

(A)-Airway: Clear the Airway Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface. Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders. Open the person's airway using the head tilt-chin lift. Put your palm on the person’s forehead and gently push down. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open Check for normal breathing, taking no more than 10 seconds: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear. Do not consider gasping to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally or you aren't sure, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing.

(B)-Breaths: Breathe for the Person Rescue breathing can be mouth -to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened. With the airway open (using the head tilt-chin lift), pinch the nostrils shut for mouthto-mouth breathing and cover the person’s mouth with yours, making a seal. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath— lasting one second—and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head tiltchin lift and then give the second breath. Begin chest compressions—go to Circulation next.

(C)-Circulation: Restore Blood Circulation Check if the victim's heart is beating. In order to do that, find carotid artery. It is located in the depression between the windpipe and the neck muscles. Place two fingertips on it and apply slight pressure for several seconds. If no circulation is detected, begin chest compressions. Place heel of one hand on center of chest between the nipples. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. Using both hands, give 30 chest compressions. Count 1, 2, 3 …

Chest Compressions After 30 compressions, tilt the head back and lift the chin up to open the airway. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Pinch the nose shut and breathe into the mouth for one second. If the chest rises, give a second rescue breath. If the chest doesn’t rise, repeat the head tilt-chin lift and then give the second rescue breath. That's one cycle. If someone else is available, ask that person to give two breaths after you do 30 compressions. 1. 2. 3. 4. After 30 chest compressions give: 2 slow breaths Continue until help arrives or victim recovers If the victim starts moving: check breathing

When to Stop CPR • • • Victim revives Trained help arrives Too exhausted to continue Unsafe scene Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes (controversial) Replaced by another rescuer Check for CPR effectiveness: • Does chest rise and fall with rescue breaths? • Have a second rescuer check pulse while you give compressions

Complications Related to CPR Injuries include: • Rib fractures • Laceration related to the tip of the sternum, liver, lung, spleen Vomiting or Aspiration: Place victim on left side, wipe vomit from mouth with fingers wrapped in a cloth. Reposition and resume CPR. Stomach Distention: Caused by air in the stomach, creates pressure against the lungs. Prevention of Stomach Distension • Don’t blow too hard • Slow rescue breathing • Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway is open • Use mouth to nose method

Child CPR As per the AHA Guidelines Child CPR is administered to victim under the age of 8. Children have a much better chance of survival if CPR is performed immediately. The most common reasons that children stop breathing and their heart stops beating are the following: • Choking, suffocation, and strangulation. • Drowning. • Injuries. • Poisoning. • Infection. • Heart disease, brain disease or medical conditions that affect breathing.

Child CPR Ø Check for responsiveness. Shake or tap the child gently. See if the child moves or makes a noise. Shout, "Are you OK? " Ø If there is no response, shout for help. Send someone to call 911. Do not leave the child alone to call 911 until you have given about 1 -2 minutes of CPR.

(A)-Airway Ø Open the airway. Lift up the chin with one hand. At the same time, push down on the forehead with the other hand. Ø Look, listen, and feel for breathing. Place your ear close to the child's mouth and nose. Watch for chest movement. Feel for breath on your cheek. If there is none, check for tongue. It can obstruct the airways and prevent the child from breathing on his own.

(B)-Breathing Keep in mind that children’s lungs are much smaller and be sure to use shallower breaths. Watch victim’s chest to prevent stomach distention. If the child is not breathing: • • Cover the child's mouth tightly with your mouth Pinch the nose closed Keep the chin lifted and head tilted Give two slow breaths. Do NOT give large, full, forceful breaths. • If the chest does NOT rise, try the chin lift-head tilt again, and give two more breaths. If the chest still doesn't rise, check to see if something is blocking the airway and try to remove it.

(C)-Circulation Restore blood circulation: Check if the child's heart is beating. In order to do that, find carotid artery. Place two fingertips on it and apply slight pressure for several seconds. If no circulation is detected, begin chest compressions. COMPRESSIONS Ø Count aloud as you compress 30 times, followed by 2 breaths. Ø Perform this cycle 20 times - 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths - after which remember to check the victim's carotid artery for pulse as well as any signs of consciousness.

Compressions Ø A child's smaller and more fragile body requires less pressure when performing compressions. The rule to remember is 1 hand, 1 inch. If you feel or hear slight cracking sound, you may be pressing too hard. Apply less pressure as you continue. Ø When performing chest compressions on a child proper hand placement is even more crucial than with adults. Place two fingers at the sternum (the bottom of the rib cage where the lower ribs meet) and then put the heel of your other hand directly on top of your fingers.

Review Ø Remember-you may be the victim's only chance of survival. You can increase that chance by 40% simply by administering Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Ø Check the victim for unresponsiveness by shouting and shaking him/her. If there is no response, Call 911 and return to the victim. In most locations the emergency dispatcher can assist you with CPR instructions. Pulse Location -Carotid artery( neck)
 Ø Children's CPR is given to children under the age of 8. The procedure is similar to that for adults with some minor but important differences.

Review Continued Ø Airways-Tilt the head back and listen for breathing. 
 Ø Breathing-If not breathing normally, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second. 
 Ø Circulation-If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down with 2 hands 2 inches 30 times right between the nipples. Pump at the rate of 100/minute, faster than once per second.

Quiz Question 1: Instruction (s): Please check the hyperlinks below that correspond to the accurate answer. Question: The preferred way to check for breathing is: A. Tickle them and see if they laugh. B. Place your hand on the chest and see if it moves with respiration. C. Look at the chest to see if it rises and listen and feel for air coming from the person’s mouth or nose.

You are Correct!! Feedback: The preferred way to check for breathing is to Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear. Do not consider gasping to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally or you aren't sure, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. If you wish, click here, to try again. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Sorry, this is NOT the correct answer. Feedback: Please do not consider gasping to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally or you aren't sure, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. It is vital you understand how to check for breathing. If you wish, click here, to try again. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Quiz Question 2: Instruction (s): Please check the hyperlinks below that correspond to the accurate answer. Question: What is the best position for the victim to be in when you are administering CPR? A. In a chair B. In the bathtub C. Flat on the floor

Way to Go!! You are Correct!! Feedback: The best position for the victim to be in when you are administering CPR is flat on the floor. Always remember that unless the scene dictates otherwise threat of fire or explosion victim must be on a hard surface. Place victim level or head slightly lower than body. If you wish, click here, to return to the question. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Sorry, this is NOT the correct answer. Feedback: Always remember that unless the scene dictates otherwise threat of fire or explosion victim must be on a hard surface. If you wish, click here, to try again. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Quiz Question 3: Instruction (s): Please check the hyperlinks below that correspond to the accurate answer. Question: The ABCs of CPR are: A. Air, Burn and Cuts B. Airway, Breathing and Circulation/Compressions C. Adults, Babies and Children

Way to Go!! You are Correct!! Feedback: The ABCs of CPR are: Airway, Breathing and Circulation/Compressions. If the person is unresponsive or conscious and showing signs of a stroke or heart attack, call 911 immediately and initiate the ABC's of CPR. If you wish, click here, to return to the question. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Sorry, this is not the correct answer. Feedback: Remember if the person is unresponsive or conscious and showing signs of a stroke or heart attack, call 911 immediately and initiate the ABC's of CPR. It is important you understand the ABC’s of CPR. If you wish, click here, to try again. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Quiz Question 4: Instruction (s): Please check the hyperlinks below that correspond to the accurate answer. Question: Children's CPR is administered to: A. Anyone who’s height is less than 4’ 6”. B. Anyone who’s weight is less than 60 lb. C. Children under the age of 8.

Way to Go!! You are Correct!! Feedback: Children's CPR is administered to children under the age of 8. Children have a much better chance of survival if CPR is performed immediately. If you wish, click here, to return to the question. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Sorry, this is not the correct answer. Feedback: It is very important to know how to administer CPR to children at at what age. Children have a much better chance of survival if CPR is performed immediately. If you wish, click here, to try again. Otherwise, use the following buttons to continue.

Conclusion Ø Statistics show that, the earlier CPR is initiated, the greater the chances of survival. In fact, chances of survival are doubled if help is provided within four minutes. Ø This few minutes can be the difference between life and death. CPR may not save the victim even when performed properly, but if started within minutes of cardiac arrest and defibrillation is provided within 10 minutes, a person has a 40% chance of survival. Ø CPR provides a trickle of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart and keeps these organs alive. In other words, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) serves as an artificial heartbeat and an artificial respirator until defibrillation can shock the heart into a normal rhythm or emergency equipment arrives.