Cardiac conduction system Sinus node Left atrium AV

Cardiac conduction system Sinus node Left atrium AV node Right Ventricle Bundle of His Bundle Branches Left Ventricle Purkinje Fibers

Cardiac impulse propagation Sinus Node Left Atrium A-V Node Left Ventricle Right Atrium Guyton and Hall, 1996, Fig. 10 -4, p. 125 Right Ventricle

Action Potential • Fast sodium current INa – depolarization • Slow calcium current ICa – plateau phase • Slow potassium current IK – repolarization S. Nattel, Nature 2002; 415: 219 -226

From Polygons to Bricks Polygons Bricks “From Polygons to Bricks”, Chris Delnooz, Master’s Thesis CS, 2001 “A Multilayered Polygonal Mesh for the Cellular Bidomain Model”, Marije Mulder, Internship Report, 2004

Human ventricular membrane model Priebe and Beuckelmann, Circ Res 1998; 82: 1206 -1223 Bernus et al. , AJP Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282: H 2296 -H 2308 Vmem I to I Na IK I Ca I K 1

Endocard

Midwall

Epicard

Left Ventricle (5 layers)

Human ventricular membrane model Priebe and Beuckelmann, Circ Res 1998; 82: 1206 -1223 Bernus et al. , AJP Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282: H 2296 -H 2308 Vmem I to I Na IK I Ca I K 1

Geometry of Human Ventricles “The Influence of Cardiac Wall Deformation on the Genesis of the Electrocardiogram”, Wilco Kroon, Master’s Thesis, 2004

5 -layer Mesh of Human Ventricles Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006

Endocard (right ventricle) Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006

Midwall (left and right ventricle) Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006

Epicard (ventricle) Frans Kremers, Internship, 2006

Representation of Purkinje system Gijs Huisman, Internship, 2006