Carbon Structures and Lipids Carbon This element that

Carbon Structures, and Lipids.

Carbon. This element that can bond with one to four other atoms producing a large variety of skeleton structures.

Saturated Fatty Acid Does this model represent an unsaturated or saturated fatty acid?

Butter Which of the following is a lipid? • Butter • Sugar • Enzyme • Muscle

4 How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A polymer. This large molecule is made up of individual monomer units.

A carboxyl (acid) group. Name of the functional group on the right side of this 5 -carbon skeleton.

Hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis can be reversed by this process.

Organic molecules. Most, but not all, carbon-based molecules are known as what type of molecules? • Organic • Inorganic

Nitrogen, phosphorous, or sulfur Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen. What other atoms are often present as well?

One The term “mono” means what?

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids What are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms?

Dehydration Reaction This diagram represents what type of reaction?

polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Does this model represent a simply unsaturated fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Inorganic molecules. Molecules that do not contain both hydrogen and carbon are known as? • Organic • Inorganic

Many The term “poly” means what?

Hydrophobic. This term means “Water-fearing. ”

What is a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group. These two functional groups are involved in the dehydration reaction that creates a lipid (fat) molecule from glycerol and fatty acid chains?

H -N H Draw the structural formula of a amino group.

Steroids are composed of 4 fused rings – Fats are made up of glycerol attached to three fatty acids. Structurally how are steroids different from fats?

Water H H C OH H When these molecules are brought together through dehydration synthesis what is the by-product of the reaction?

A carboxyl (acid) group Name this functional group: – COOH

O HO C H H C C H C H H H H Draw the structural formula of a 7 -carbon unsaturated fatty acid.

Draw a diagram of a carbon atom showing the correct number of protons, neutrons, orbitals and electrons.

What are carbon and hydrogen. All hydrocarbons contain these two elements.

Water Which of the following is not an organic molecule. • Water • Lipid • Protein • Carbohydrate

A polyunsaturated fatty acid. This type of lipid contains multiple double-bonds in its fatty acid tail(s).

Water (H 2 O). What type molecule is created as a by-product of dehydration synthesis?

C 3 H 8 O 3 & C 6 H 12 O 6 Which of the following is/are organic molecules? • H 2 O • C 3 H 8 O 3 • CO 2 • C 6 H 12 O 6

Hydrolysis This diagram represents what type of reaction?

Two The term “di” means what?

3 hydroxyl groups H H C OH H How many and what type of function group is attached to this molecule?

4 bonds. Carbon is able to make this many bonds with other atoms.

Name these three types of carbon structures.

Fats, Steroids, and Cholesterol Lipid molecules come in these three forms in the body.

Glycerol and fatty acids What are the two main parts of a lipid fat?

A phospholipid A fat derivative in which one fatty acid tail has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of several nitrogencontaining molecules is called?

- OH Draw the structural formula of a hydroxyl group.

Fat This type of lipid acts as a storage form of energy in the body, insulation, as well as cushioning for internal organs.

O HO H C C H H H Draw the structural formula of a 7 -carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Hydrophilic This term means “Water-loving. ”

Lipid (fat) Excess carbohydrates (glucose) in the diet will turn into what other macromolecule in the body? • Protein • Enzyme • Lipid (fat)

Steroids These two 4 ring structures are types of?

What is the name of this large lipid? O H H C C O A polyunsaturated triglyceride. H H H C C C H H H H O H C C O HH H C C H H O H C C H O H H H C H C H H H C C H H H

Steroids act as chemical signals in the body – Fats act as a storage of energy, insulation, and cushioning around internal organs. Functionally how do steroids differ from fats?

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen What three elements do lipids contain?

Unsaturated Fatty Acid Does this model represent an unsaturated or saturated fatty acid?

Glycerol What 3 -carbon molecule acts as the head of a Lipid (fat) molecule?

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbons. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbons. Structurally, what is the difference between a saturated fatty acid an unsaturated fatty acid?

A fatty acid. This molecules acts as the tail of a fat molecule.

O - C -OH Draw the structural formula of a carboxyl group.

Cholesterol What type of lipid acts as a precursor (starting point) for a steroid molecule?

A dehydration reaction H H C OH H What type of reaction is involved when these molecules are joined to form a lipid (fat)?

A saturated fatty acid. This type of lipid contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in its fatty acid tail(s).

H H C OH H Draw the structural formula of glycerol.

C 3 H 8 O 3 H H C OH H What is the chemical formula for glycerol seen above?

A monoglyceride This type of lipid consists of a glycerol molecule with a single fatty acid tail.

Fats: • Storage of energy, cushioning of internal organs, and insulation of the body. Steroids: • Chemical messengers. List the various functions of lipids (both fats and steroids) in the body.

O -CDraw the structural formula of a carbonyl group.

Saturated fats have been linked to heart disease. Why is a diet high in animal fats (saturated fat) dangerous to your health?

Structurally: • Steroids are composed of 4 fused rings, while fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Functionally: • Steroids act as chemical messengers in the body, while fat acts as a storage of energy, cushioning for internal organs, and as insulation for the body. Compare and contrast the structural and functional differences between steroids (a type of lipid) and fats (another type of lipid).

O HO C H H H C C C H H H H Draw the structural formula of a 7 -carbon saturated fatty acid.

A diglyceride This type of lipid consists of a glycerol molecule with two fatty acid tails.

3 How many fatty acid chains does a triglyceride contain?

The number of double bonds in the fatty acid chains. What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats?

A triglyceride This type of lipid consists of a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid tails.

A steroid This type of lipid molecule acts as a chemical messenger inside the body, and is composed of four fused carbon rings.

An anabolic steroid This class of lipid molecule is related to testosterone. They are used therapeutically in medicine to stimulate bone growth and appetite, and to treat chronic wasting conditions such as cancer and AIDS.

What reaction joins these 3 fatty acids tails to the glycerol molecule? O H H C C O H H H C C C H H H O H C C O HH H C C H H H O H C C H O H H H Dehydration synthesis. H H C C H O H C H H H C C H H H

Lipid molecules Fats, butter, and oils are all types of what macromolecule?

Cholesterol This type of lipid molecule is present in the plasma membranes of animal cells, and acts as the starting point for making other steroids.

An unsaturated fatty acid. This type of lipid molecule contains less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms its fatty acid tail.