Carbon is the basis of all organic compounds

Carbon is the basis of all organic compounds Carbon can make 4 bonds + + +

The building blocks of organic compounds are monomers which make up polymers. How are monomers similar to links in a chain?

are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1: 2: 1 (carbon: hydrogen: oxygen)

are made by plants (autotrophs)

are the body’s primary source of energy

are made of monomers (building blocks) called monosaccharides

come in three basic forms: monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide

Monosaccharides (simple sugars) are easily identified by their sweet taste.

Glucose is a monosaccharide. C 6 H 12 O 6 Other monosaccharides: fructose (fruit sugar) galactose (milk sugar).

C 6 H 12 O 6 Note the ring shape of the molecule. CH 2 OH C H OH OH C H C OH OH

Disaccharides are made of two monosaccharides together.

Lactose (found in dairy products), sucrose (table sugar), and maltose are examples of disaccharides.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.

Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbohydrates. CH 2 OH H C OH OH C H CH 2 OH O H C OH H C H C O C H O OH C H H OH C H C OH

Stored as starch in plants.

Stored as glycogen in animals(in muscles and liver).

Elements: C, H, O Monomers: Monosaccharide H H Structure: Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) H C HO C OH C O H H OH H C C H OH C OH

Carbohydrates have 3 monomers: -Glucose -Fructose -Galactose “ose” indicates sugar What would this tell you about the taste of monosaccharides?

H H C HO C OH C O H OH H C C OH HO C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

H H C HO C OH C O H OH H C C O H HO C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

H H C HO C OH C O H OH H C C OH H O C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C H OH H HH C C O O H H C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

Would this compound taste sweet as well? The process of bonding 2 monosaccharides • 2 or more monosaccharides bondedtogether is called dehydration synthesis. together is called a disaccharide. H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C H OH H 2 O H HH C C O O H H C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C H OH H HH C C O O H H C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C O H HO C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C OH HO C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

The process of breaking compounds into smaller What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? molecules by adding a water back to the monomer is called hydrolysis. H H H C HO H C O H OH H C C OH HO C OH C O H OH H C C H OH H C OH

Many monosaccharides bonded together form polysaccharides. Polysaccharide How many water molecules would be removed by making the polysaccharide? Polysaccharides are known as starches. Will the taste of starches be the same as simple sugars?

1. To provide a quick source of energy (by breaking the C-H bonds) y C 6 H 12 O 6 g er En 2. Provide structure and support.

What is the monomer (subunit) for carbohydrates? monosaccharide (simple sugars) What are the functions of carbohydrates? energy storage (short-term), structure or support Name examples of carbohydrates. glucose, starch, cellulose