CARBON COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS contain carbon atoms that
CARBON COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS- contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms
Carbon Atom (revisited) 1. 2. 3. Can make 4 covalent bonds Can make a single, double, or triple bond. Can form long chains or rings.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Defined as a cluster of atoms found together that influence the properties of the molecules they compose. (they will always be attached to one carbon) -OH HYDROXYL GROUP- found in alcohols and makes it a polar molecule -NH 2 AMINE GROUP- one part of AMINO ACIDS -COOH CARBOXYL (carboxylic acid) GROUP- 2 nd part of AMINO ACIDS
Making large MACROMOLECULES MONOMER- a single simple molecule- that can bond (Example- MONOSACCHARIDEis a single sugar) POLYMER- a series of repeated links of monomers (Example- a POLYSACCHARIDE is a long chain of sugars)
Making large MACROMOLECULES Typically the macromolecules are held together by a bond with oxygen.
Making large MACROMOLECULES The way to breakdown the large molecule is by adding water which will break the bond with the oxygen atom. HYDROLYSIS-- “hydro” meaning water and “lyse” meaning to break
Making large MACROMOLECULES The way to make the large molecule is by subtracting out water which will allow the bonds with the oxygen atom. CONDENSATION REACTION“DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS” water leaving the molecule to allow it to form larger molecules
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