Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 Inorganic Compounds Do NOT

Carbon Compounds Chapter 2

Inorganic Compounds • Do NOT contain carbon and hydrogen, simple compounds EX: water (H 2 O) salt (Na. Cl) carbon dioxide (CO 2)

Organic Compounds • Contain carbon and hydrogen , complex compounds

Organic Compounds • CPNL Carbohydrates Protein Nucleic Acids Lipids

Carbohydrates • Made of C, H, O (in 1: 2: 1 ratio) – C 6 H 12 O 6 – C 11 H 22 O 11 • Sugars and starches • Used for main source of energy

Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides single sugar molecules EX: glucose galactose fructose

Carbohydrates • Disaccharides – double sugars EX: maltose

Carbohydrates • Polysachharides – long chains of sugars (polymers) – Excess sugar stored this way

Polysaccharides Animals glycogen (stored in liver) Plants starch and cellulose (toughens structural parts of plant)

Dehydration Synthesis • Put together by removing water Glucose + Glucose = Maltose + Water (Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = Disaccharide + Water)

Hydrolysis • Break apart molecules by adding water Maltose + Water = Glucose + Glucose (Disaccharide + Water = Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide)

Protein • Made of C, H, O, N • Used to control reaction rates, form bones and muscles, transport substances into and out of cells, helps fight disease, etc. (function determined by their shape)

Protein Made of Amino Acids (20 different ones) • Contains an amine group (NH 2) on one end, a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other end, and a side chain (R group)

Protein • Peptide Bond – holds amino acids together to form polypeptide chains • Enzymes – special proteins that act as biological catalysts

Nucleic Acids • Made of C, H, O, N, P • Used for storing and transmitting hereditary (genetic) information

Nucleic Acids • Made of Nucleotides DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Lipids • Made of C, H, O • Used to store energy and insulate • Made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids • Fats, oils, waxes

CPNL Carbohydrates – C, H, O Proteins – C, H, O, N Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, P Lipids – C, H, O “CHO – CHONP – CHO”