Carbohydrates Regents Biology Carbohydrates Which foods contain carbohydrates
Carbohydrates Regents Biology
Carbohydrates Which foods contain carbohydrates? Regents Biology
Carbohydrates CH 2 OH H HO O H OH H H OH Why are carbohydrates Energy Source important? Regents Biology 2009 -2010 H OH
Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. Glucose Regents Biology
Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Ratio of 1: 2: 1 C 1 H 2 O 1 Regents Biology Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6
Carbohydrates § Function: u Quick energy u Energy storage u Structure and Support Regents Biology
Carbohydrates § Function: u Quick energy --- Simple carbohydrates (glucose) are the primary source of chemical energy for cells. glucose Regents Biology
Carbohydrates § Function: energy storage --Complex carbohydrates store energy starch & glycogen starch Regents Biology glycogen
Carbohydrates § Function: Complex carbohydrates provide structure and support --- cellulose & chitin Regents Biology
Carbohydrates can exist as: monosaccharides --composed of one monomer---one sugar disaccharides --- composed of two monomers (two monosaccharides)--- two sugars polysaccharides --- composed many monomers (many monosaccharides)---many sugars Regents Biology
SIMPLE SUGARS – name ends in ose Monosaccharides & Disaccharides Regents Biology
Monosaccharides …one sugar Many simple sugars: contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms arranged in a ring in a ratio of C 1 H 2 O 1. Glucose C 6 H 12 O Regents Biology 6 Fructose C 6 H 12 O 6 Galactose C 6 H 12 O 6 Ribose C 5 H 10 O 5
The most common monosaccharides are: …. . simple sugar…. . one sugar § Glucose - main source of energy for cells. § Fructose - the sugar in fruits § Galactose – sugar found in milk § Ribose- sugar in DNA and RNA Regents Biology
Glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Fructose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Regents Biology
Disaccharides: composed of two monosaccharides --- two sugars Sucrose (table sugar) – composed of glucose and fructose. Lactose (sugar in milk) – composed of glucose and galactose. Regents Biology
Sucrose (table sugar) glucose fructose Lactose (sugar in milk) galactose Regents Biology glucose
Polysaccharides --complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides …many sugars sugar sugar polysaccharide Regents Biology
Polysaccharides --sugar sugar Function: (1) Energy Reserves (2) Structure and Support Regents Biology
Polysaccharides - Energy Reserves (1) Starch --- energy storage in plant cells composed of long chains of glucose (2) Glycogen --- energy storage in the liver and muscles of animals composed of long chains of glucose Regents Biology
Polysaccharides --- Structure & Support (1) Cellulose --- the cell wall of plants straight long chains of glucose molecules. (2) Chitin ---- the cell wall of fungi; the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans. Regents Biology
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