Carbohydrates Carbohydrates AKA sugars Atoms CHO Monomers monosaccharide

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates AKA- sugars Atoms: CHO Monomers: monosaccharide Polymer: polysaccharide 1)main source of energy for all cells 2)Build plant bodies for structural support 3)Build organelles and skeletons of other macromolecules

Monosaccharides The fastest way to identify a monosaccharide is the –ose at the end of its name Glucose Fructose Deoxyribose Galactose Ribose

Glucose is the main monosaccharide because it is made at the end of photosynthesis

Types of Glucose comes in two different structure (isomers). What is the difference between the two?

Disaccharides Dehydration synthesis connects two monosaccharides together with a glycosidic linkage

Sucrose Glycosidic Bond enzyme Glucose Fructose

Disaccharides

Key Polysaccharides STARCH Shape: Helical/Unbranched or “mildly” branched Made of: Alpha Glucose Function: Store energy for plants

Types of Polysaccharides Cellulose Shape: Straight/Unbranched and can form hydrog bonds with near by cellulose molecules Made of: Beta Glucose Function: Makes cell walls

Polysaccharide diversity Molecular structure determines function in starch in cellulose isomers of glucose u structure determines function… u

Digesting starch vs. cellulose starch easy to digest enzyme cellulose hard to digest enzyme

Cellulose Most abundant organic compound on Earth – herbivores have evolved a mechanism to digest cellulose – most carnivores have not • that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients • cellulose = undigestible roughage

Types of Polysaccharides Glycogen Shape: Helical/Branched Made of: Alpha Glucose Function: Store energy for animals (in muscle cells and liver)

Consider this… Carbohydrates Energy molecules How do low carb diets work? 2006 -2007