Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras 1000 km Coastline

Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras: ~1000 km Coastline Results from the Mid Atlantic High Frequency Radar Network Hugh Roarty, Ethan Handel, Erick Rivera, Josh Kohut, Scott Glenn

Technology Development Road Map of HF Radar for SAR and Vessel Detection Long Range Ship detection program partnering with AMI First long range system installed CODAR patents GPS timing for frequency sharing CODAR develops enhanced blanking waveform for ship detection Bistatic spar buoy deployed 100 nmi off Atlantic City, NJ Medium Range NWRA applies SIFTER algorithm to CODAR data, SRI develops tracker for SIFTER output Mid Atlantic HF Radar Network becomes operational with US Coast Guard Test Study of CODAR data into SAROPS DHS bistaic buoy deployed near Ambrose First system installed at Sandy Hook, NJ DHS COE begins Super. Directive system installed at Sandy Hook, NJ Standard Range Initial test install off Atlantic City, NJ Bistatic Buoy Installed off Atlantic City, NJ 1999 Bisatatic transmitter installed at Sea. Side, NJ for testing Second shore station added as part of Navy LEAP program Bistatic transmitter integrated with OPT Power. Buoy Coordinated field exercise for DHS COE Small Boat Program HF Radar become operational with US Coast Guard System Relocated to NY Harbor for NSF Co. OP Program Permanent Install 1998 National HF Radar Network become operational with US Coast Guard 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

LONG RANGE NETWORK 2001 2000 2001 2006 2009 2003 2003 2007

C: Documents and SettingshroartyMy DocumentsCOOL1 CODARMARCOOSRenewal

Nested Standard Range Network

Existing Medium Range Network

Future Medium Range Network

2008 Spatial Coverage Unweigted Least Squares Optimal Interpolation

2009 Spatial Coverage Unweigted Least Squares Optimal Interpolation

2010 Spatial Coverage Unweigted Least Squares Optimal Interpolation

Spatial and Temporal Coverage Metric

Winter DEC ’ 08 – FEB ‘ 09 Curly vectors plotted with NCAR Computing Language (NCL)

Spring MAR ’ 09 – MAY ‘ 09

Summer JUNE ’ 09 – AUG ‘ 09

Fall SEP ’ 09 – NOV ‘ 09

Validation of Optimal Interpolation Totals Feb 24 April 4, 2007 39 days

ADCP OI UWLS

Drifter OI UWLS

MARCOOS Regional Theme 1: Forecast Individual Data Product Maritime Search And Rescue Aggregator. Safety, Product Aggregator Site Data Generation Distribution: OPe. NDAP/ THREDDS Data Format: Net. CDF HF Radar Radials Decision Tool STPS, (UConn) MARCOOS Totals NOAA National Network ROMS (Rutgers) HOPS (SMAST) EDS SAROPS MARCOOS Year 1 & 2 NYHOPS (Stevens) Year 3

HF Radar and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model or (HYCOM) Currents in SAROPS • High Confidence (HF Radar) – sigma (1 std dev) = 0. 22 knots – Tau (half life) = 264 minutes • Low Confidence (HYCOM) – sigma (1 std dev) = 0. 37 knots – Tau (half life) = 264 minutes • Number of particles = 5000 • SLDMB 39029 Date Time 22 July 2009 0000 Z 00 23 July 2009 0000 Z 24 24 July 2009 0000 Z 48 25 July 2009 0000 Z 72 26 July 2009 0000 Z 96

24 Hours Into Search HYCOM HF Radar Low Confidence High Confidence

48 Hours Into Search HYCOM HF Radar Low Confidence High Confidence

Search Area After 96 Hours 154 km 100 km 232 km 123 km HYCOM HF Radar 36, 000 km 2 12, 000 km 2 10, 500 nmi 2 3, 500 nmi 2

May 4, 2009: After a year of testing, NOAA Announces on U. S. Department of Commerce Website that MACOORA CODAR is Operational in SAROPS U. S. IOOS Goal for 2010: Bring all sustained regional-scale HFR networks up to operational status in USCG SAROPS

HFR Current Mapping Product Development Road Map for Search and Rescue Long Range Network Shown to be Effective in Second Coast Guard SAROPS tool First Standard Range Codar deployed on East Coast near Atlantic City, NJ Hurricane Floyd Simulation Predicts Factor of 4 Reduction in Search Area Using Field of Currents vs. Point Measurement MARCOOS Establishes First Regional High Frequency Radar Network Standard Range Network Proves to be Useful in Coast Guard Research and Development Pilot Study 1998 1999 2000 2001 Mid Atlantic HF Radar Network Operational with US Coast Guard 2002 2003 2004 Radial and Total Sensitivity Study Undertaken to Provide Best Data to Environmental Data Server Optimal Interpolation Combination Method Effective in Filling Spatial Gaps in Mid Atlantic Tests 2005 2006 2007 2008 “A Plan to Meet the Nations Surface Current Mapping Needs” Implemented 2009 National HF Radar Network Operational with US Coast Guard 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

LEAP-R-T 4 Enhancing the Network with Bistatics Bistatic from SEAS Transmitter Bistatic from SEAB Seasonde Backscatter

LEAP-R-T 1 Monostatic and Bistatic Target Geometry SNR 17 d. B Monostatic Geometry at 13 MHz Contours of SNR and Range SNR 32 d. B Bistatic Geometry at 13 MHz

LEAP-R-T 4 Radial Current Vectors

Totals from Radials

LEAP-R-T 4 Elliptical Current Vectors

Totals from Radials & Ellipticals Coverage Area from only Radials

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security 11 Institutions – Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency Maritime Domain Awareness Approach – Dual Use Technologies Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection Global > Approaches > Port University of Miami – Global Satellite Coverage, Visible & Microwave Rutgers University – Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks Stevens Institute of Technology – Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics

GPS Track of YM Los Angeles

Pepper Plot of All Detections

Association of Detections with GPS

Detections on a Map

Other Detections

Conclusions • Mid Atlantic Long Range HF Radar Network is celebrating its 10 th anniversary • MARCOOS is delivering Quality Controlled Surface Current Data and Forecasts to the US Coast Guard for improved SAR • HF Radar Network is helping to describe the nature of the flow in the Mid Atlantic • We are also developing the dual-use capability of the radar for vessel detection