Capacity HUB for the SEEIIST Mimoza Ristova Physics

Capacity HUB for the SEEIIST Mimoza Ristova Physics Department Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia mristova@pmf. ukim. mk, mima. ristova@gmail. com

Geographical Region SEE • • • Albania Bosnia & Hercegovina Bulgaria Croatia Greece North Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Slovenia Kosovo*

In order to succeed, the SEEIIST project needs not only a knowledge giver but also a knowledge receiver Western Europe SEE

The knowledge givers should learn more about the characteristics of the SEE region

Bo ce ee 4. 27 3. 85 3. 05 2. 1 1. 91 0. 61 7. 08 7. 05 10. 76 POPULATION IN THE SEE (MILLIONS) Total ~ 43 M Gr ia rb Se ria ia at lg a Bu Cr o a in ov rz eg a ni ba Al ia on a ni ve vo so ed ac M He ia & sn rth No Sl o Ko ro eg te n on M Population CIA World Country Factsheets

GDP/Capita 61400 49900 42500 34100 27800 24100 21600 nd y la an Sw itz er rm Ge ta al M a ni ve Sl o e ee c Gr ia at Cr o Bu lg a o te ne gr ia M on on ed ac M No rth ria 17400 15200 ia rb Se a ni ba ov eg Bo s ni a& He rz Al in a vo so Ko 12500 11400 10400 15200 CIA World Country Factsheets

Migration rate (number on 1000 population) 7, 8 4, 6 2, 3 ta al la er Sw itz M nd y an rm Ge ce ee Gr a ni ve on ed ac M rth Sl o ia ia rb Se No ria lg a eg He Bu in ov at Bo s -4, 9 ni a& M -3, 3 0, 7 -0, 3 a ia -1, 4 Cr o vo Ko so a ni ba -2, 6 -0, 4 rz on Al te ne gr o 0 1, 5 1 CIA World Country Factsheets

ta al 7, 9 M nd la er itz y an 6, 9 Sw rm Ge vo so ria 13, 6 Ko lg a Bu ia rb 11, 4 Se ia at 10, 4 Cr o ce ee 10, 1 Gr o gr ne te 9, 9 M on in a a ni ve 9, 6 ov eg rz Sl o ia on a ni ba ed ac M He a& ni Bo s rth No Al Death Rate on 1000 population 14, 5 12, 4 11, 8 8, 4 CIA World Country Factsheets

Life Expectancy (years) 81, 2 80, 8 81, 84 80, 64 81, 5 78, 6 75, 9 74, 8 75, 9 77, 1 76, 6 76, 3 ta al la er Sw itz M nd y an rm Ge a ni ve Sl o ce ee Gr a ni ba Al ov rz He a& Bo s ni M on te eg ne gr in a o ia at on ed ac M rth Cr o ia ia rb Se No ria lg a Bu Ko so vo 72 CIA World Country Factsheets

Physician Density Number of Physicians in 1000 population 8, 3 6, 8 5, 7 5, 6 4 4, 7 4, 6 4, 4 4, 3 4, 7 3, 5 ta al la er Sw itz M nd y an Ge rm vo so Ko Bu lg a ria ia rb Se tia oa Cr a ni ve Sl o on ed ac M rth M ia e ee c Gr gr o te ne ov eg on No Bo s ni a& He rz Al ba ni in a a 2, 9 CIA World Country Factsheets

Hospital Bed Density in SEE (number on 1000 population) 4, 59 3, 13 2, 87 2, 81 4, 24 4, 21 3, 99 3, 83 3, 13 2, 33 1, 81 ta al la er Sw itz M nd y an rm Ge vo so Ko e ee c Gr Bu lg a ria ia rb Se ia at on ed ac M rth Cr o ia a ni ve o te ne gr in M on Sl o No Bo s ni a& He rz Al eg ov ba ni a a 1, 2 CIA World Country Factsheets

Why should we - the knowledge receivers trust the knowledge givers? Because this initiative was proposed by Prof. Herwig Schopper, former DG of CERN

A silent and invisible string … Ending of the cold war started at the Geneva Summit 1985

A creative dreamer … A Lord of a collider rings … v. A Tunnel -4 m diameter tunnel of 27 km circumference, with huge underground labs and numerous surface facilities, and set up with a precision of 0. 1 mm per km, the Large Electron. Positron Collider (LEP at CERN – now LHC) the largest and most sophisticated scientific research instruments ever created by Man. v. Located at CERN, near Geneva, LEP was built during 1983 - 1989, was operational until 2000, and corroborated the standard model of particles

A SUCCESS STORY called SESAME: ‘’ Jordan The first President of Council of SESAME - Prof. Herwig Schopper 16

Success Science diplomacy demonstrated in SESAME project: 9 member states of different political systems and religions in the Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestine Authority, Turkey; all of them to peacefully working together for the good of the humanity 17

2019 AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENCE DIPLOMACY TO PROF. HERWIG SCHOPPER

Why should one believe in particle therapy? LESSON 1: HADRON THERAPY FOR DUMMIES

Classical RT with X-ray photons Dose % 100% Damage on the entrance tissue X-ray photons Damage on the exit tissue Tumour Depth [cm]

Charged Particles (Protons, C-12 ions) Bragg peak Dose % 100% particles Damage on the exit tissue Damage on the entrance tissue Tumour Depth [cm]

THERAPY X-ray (RT) Particle therapy TUMOUR dose HEALTHY TISSUE dose

Suicide-bomber-particle (KAMIKAZE) dies in order to kill a tumour cell! C-12

Why should one believe in particle (hadron) therapy? LESSON 2: Comparison with X-ray RT for Dummies

Once upon a time there was a little being called Smiley. It was nice and happy, always smiling.

One day Smiley got cancer, and all of his yellow tissue was affected. His eyes and mouth are very sensitive vital organs that should be spared from radiation.

Smiley’s 3 doctors were discussing what kind of treatment it should receive?

DOCTOR 1 suggested: RT with X-rays Smiley’s cancer will be cured. BUT, Smiley’s eyes and lips will be burned out. Smiley will not be able to see and eat any more.

DOCTOR 2 suggested: RT with Intensity Modulated X-rays (IMRT)

DOCTOR 3 suggested RT with Intensity Modulated X-rays (IMRT) Smiley’s cancer will be partly cured. There will be a big residual.

DOCTOR 3 suggested: Particle therapy Smiley’s cancer is cured and his eyes and lips are spared

s t gis o Phy Western Europe l o i b io d Ra sicis ts SEE rs o t c o DD IT E ng ine er s ME ST SEE region Eng inee rs

Measures for building the capacitance for the SEEIIST SEE COUNTRIES GOVERNMENTS – ENHANCE THE NUMBER OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS AND MEDICAL DOCTORS IN THE SEEIIST RELEVANT AREAS (ALLOW NEW EMPLOYMENTS) EC AUTHORITIES IN RESEARCH AND HEALTH - RECOGNIZE THE MOMENTUM, THE NEEDS OF SEE REGION AND THE NOBLE WILL OF THE WEST EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS TO BUILD SEEIIST AND SUPPORT OUR APPLICATIONS FOR • • • COST Action H 2020 -Marie Curie ITN IAEA Regional Project IPA projects ICTP Relevant Schools

A common facility will attract Learn how to research Learn how– SEEIIST to give-sharepeacefully work Reduce the receive together Science BRAIN-DRAN knowledge for Peace IN SEE Countries the benefits of the humanity Boost up the economical Treat tumour patients development in the SEE from the SEE region with particle therapy 34