Capacity Factor Summary 1 Wind as a Percentage

Capacity Factor Summary 1

Wind as a Percentage of Electricity Consumption Source: Wind Powering America update 2 -3 -09 Note: Figure only includes the 20 countries with the most installed wind capacity at the end of 2007 2

Where in AZ? 3

Arizona Map NAU State NAU Army NAU Loan TEP UWRAP/TEP 4

• Black & Veatch Arizona Renewable Energy Assessment, 2007 – APS, TEP, SRP – Near term – Transmission >69 k. V – Land use Source: Arizona Renewable Energy Assessment, Final Report, Project Numbe 145888, Black & Veatch, 2007 5

NAU Wind Assessment Windy = Class 3 or better “Developable” = Remove land not suitable for wind development 6

Arizona – Economic Impacts from 100 MW of new wind development in Coconino County Wind energy’s economic “ripple effect” Direct Impacts Indirect & Induced Impacts Construction Phase: • 67 new jobs • $32. 7 M to local economies Construction workers, management, administrative, gas and gas station workers, etc. Operational Phase: • 6 to 15 new long-term jobs • $0. 93 M/yr to local economies O&M Jobs, road maintenance, hardware store, supply parts, etc. Construction Phase: • 428 new jobs • $49. 6 M to local economies Operational Phase: • 15 local jobs • $3. 2 M/yr to local economies Supporting businesses, such as contractors, equipment suppliers of subcomponents, grocery store clerks, retail sales, etc. As computed by K. Wadsack at NAU using the NREL “Jobs and Economic Development Impacts” (JEDI) model. Slide from the Wind Powering America update 2 -09. Totals (construction + 20 yrs) Total economic benefit = $164. 9 million New local jobs during construction = 495 New local long-term jobs = 21 to 30 Construction Phase = 1 -2 years Operational Phase = 20+ years

Wind Energy’s Economic impacts On-site direct, off-site direct, Induced Wind energy’s economic “ripple effect” Direct Impacts On-site Off-site Construction workers Management Administrativ e support Boom truck & management, gas and gas station workers, blades and towers & workers Cement truck drivers, road crews, maintenance workers Hardware store purchases and workers, spare parts and their suppliers Indirect Impacts These are jobs in and payments made to supporting businesses, such as bankers financing the construction, contractor, manufacturers and equipment suppliers of subcomponents. Induced Impacts These jobs and earnings result from the spending by people directly and indirectly supported by the project, including benefits to grocery store clerks, retail salespeople and child care providers.

Colorado – Economic Impacts from 1000 MW of new wind development Wind energy’s economic “ripple effect” Direct Impacts Payments to Landowners: • $2. 5 Million/yr Local Property Tax Revenue: • $4. 6 Million/yr Construction Phase: • 912 new jobs • $133. 6 M to local economies Operational Phase: • 181 new long-term jobs • $19. 3 M/yr to local economies Indirect & Induced Impacts Construction Phase: • 807 new jobs • $92. 7 M to local economies Operational Phase: • 129 local jobs • $15. 6 M/yr to local All jobs rounded to the nearest 50 jobs; All values greater than $10 million are rounded to the nearest million Totals (construction + 20 yrs) Total economic benefit = $924. 3 million New local jobs during construction = 1, 719 New local long-term jobs = 310 economies Construction Phase = 1 -2 years Operational Phase = 20+ years

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11 Source: Wind Powering America Update, 2 -09

Installed Project Costs Are On the Rise, After a Long Period of Decline Increase of ~$700/k. W Source: Wind Powering America update 2 -3 -09 Note: Includes 227 projects built from 1983 -2007, totaling ~13 GW (77% of capacity at 12 end of 2007); additional ~2. 8 GW of projects proposed for installation in 2008

Comparative Generation Costs 13 Source: Wind Powering America update 2 -3 -09

Installed Wind Capacity Source: Wind Powering America update 2 -3 -09 14

Installed Capacity in US 15

Velocity Stream Lines and Terrain Contour 16

Wind and Saline Water 17

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Outline • • • Announcements Syllabus Wind Powering America Update Break Energy in the Wind Turbine Technology Wind Energy Resource Wind Integration Wind Modeling 23

swrec. org 24

• Announcements Arizona Wind Working Group Meeting – September 10, 10 am -12 pm at the Drury Inn Conference Facilities – http: //wind. nau. edu/azwwg/ – To register, RSVP to Pat. Ponce@nau. edu • Tour of Dry Lake Wind Farm: Cost $60. Register at http: //swrec. org/tours_and_events. html • SWREC http: //swrec. org/schedule. html • SWREC Volunteer: Contact Karin Wadsack 25

Syllabus • Handout and discuss • Text • Evaluation RELATIVE WEIGHT 40 % Project Homework 30% Exams 30 % Total 100% 26

How Much Energy Does the USA Use? ~ 690 Cholla Power Plants

Water

Food

Environment

Communities

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Recent Wind Speed Map 33

Wind Speed Data 34

Wind Anemometry Data • Wind speed data taken by anemometers on tall towers (30 m to 60 m) • 1 -second data, averaged over 10 -minutes with a standard deviation (i. e. , turbulence) • Wind direction vane • Cup Anemometers at multiple heights • Data loggers 35

Arizona Wind Data http: //wind. nau. edu/anemometer/wind_data. shtml 36

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Wind Development 38