Capacity Building of Extension Personnel and Capacity Building

Capacity Building of Extension Personnel and

Capacity Building of Extension Personnel and Farmers • Training : Meaning, Definitions • Training and Education • Training Process • Typology of Training • Training of Extension Personnel • Training of Farmers

Training • Human resource development continuous requirement is crucial and • HRD refers to enhancing capacity and efficiency of human beings for performing any specific work • Human resource could be developed through training • Training means to educate a person so as to be fitted, qualified, proficient in doing job

Training • Training is the reciprocal process of teaching and learning a body of knowledge and related methods of work (UN Handbook of Training in the Public Service, 1966). • Training is results in knowledge relating to 1983) a planned communication process which changes of attitudes, skills and or in accordance with specified objectives desired patterns of behaviour (Khemmani, • Training is a process by which the desire, knowledge, attitude, skill and ideas are inculcated, fostered and reinforced in an organism (Lynton and Pareek, 1967)

Training Some commonalities § Training is planned and purposeful instruction § Training aims to improve performance of participants § Training is linked with here and now affairs

Education and Training Education • Concerned with opening out the world to the student • Helps to choose and decide activity • Deals with knowledge and understanding • Personal development • Fixed curriculum • Teacher oriented • Long term process • No immediate application • Homogeneity Training • Concerned with preparing participants for job • Helps to improve performance • Deals with skill, attitude and understanding • Job oriented • Need oriented • Learner oriented • Short term process • Immediate application • Heterogeneity

Training Process Pre-training Training Post-training

Training Process Pre-training § Preparatory phase § Planning of training § Assessing individual need for training § Deciding course content as well as methods § Arrangements to select participants § Informing about course details

Training Process Training § Actual implementation according to plan § Execution of different activities üReception of trainees üLodging and boarding üOrganization of instruction üField trip and monitoring üCreating atmosphere for free interaction and practicing new skills § Developing good rapport, personal attention and feedback is essential

Training Process Post-training § Post-training test § Measurement of impact § Follow up of participants at work place § Bringing improvements on the basis of evaluation

Typology of Training According to stages of career • Pre-Service Training : Professional training prior to appointment to the extension service • Orientation training : Given to the newly appointed extension personnel, it provides an introduction to public employment and attempts to provide answers to questions which a newly recruited person is likely to ask • Induction training : Given to the new extension personnel after they have been employed and before they are assigned to work in particular area

Typology of Training • Inservice training : Includes all forms of training during the period of employment by the extension service • On-the-job training : Training received by extension personnel in more or less informal manner from experienced personnel in job related activities • Refresher training : Any new training for updating professional competence of extension personnel, notably in the subject matter area of specialization

Typology of Training • Re-training : Instructional efforts designed to prepare an individual for a new assignment or new duties • External training : The extension personnel are deputed to other training institutes who have specialized in different subject matter areas • Training for professional qualification : Training is given to enable extension personnel to acquire higher graduate or post-graduate qualifications

Typology of Training • Overseas training : Training is used to acquire expertise in areas in which such expertise is not available indigenously or is not available indigenously to the required degree • Training by overseas experts : Overseas experts are invited to train extension personnel

Typology of Training According to Subject Matter Specialization • Crop production and other technologies • Extension management • Communication media • Training methodology

Typology of Training According to Level of Extension Personnel • Field level extension personnel • Middle level extension personnel • Top level extension personnel

Typology of Training According to Type of Extension Personnel • Field functionaries • Subject Matter Specialists • Extension Mangers

Training for Extension Personnel • It is a planned and systematic effort to increase knowledge (K), improve skills (S), inculcate appropriate attitudes (A), and develop other attributes (O) in extension personnel to enable them to better serve their clients - farmers

Training for Extension Personnel Rationale • Need to update knowledge and skills continuously • Regular training help developing the capacity § Orientation about organizations’ goal, achievements, their responsibilities § Mastery of technical competencies § Strengthening of instructional competencies

Training Institutes • ICAR institutes • State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) • Advance Centres of Training (ACT) • National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) • Extension Education Institutes (EEIs) • State level Training Centres • Gramsevak Training Centres/ Extension Training Centres

Farmers’ Training • It is an intensive learning activity for a group of selected farmers assisted by competent trainers to understand practice the skills required in adoption of new agricultural technologies at a place where appropriate facilities exist and at a time and duration considered suitable by farmers

Farmers’ Training – Key points • Must be conducted when it is most needed • Careful analysis of available resources, inputs, preferences and practices of farmers • Developing link between training efforts and developmental programmes • Practicing – “teaching by doing” and “learning by doing” • Training should emulate life – In no case it should become dull and boring • Must be followed by demonstration, discussion or advice

Farmers’ Training Centres (FTCs) • Important element in extension training • Imparts requisite knowledge and training to the farmers • In-charge of FTCs (District Training Officers) must assess training needs of farmers • 131 FTCs in India

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) • Launched in 1974 by ICAR • Imparts need based and skill oriented training • Vocational training institute for farmers and field level functionaries

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) Functions • To organize long term vocational training for rural youths for self employment • To organize training of farmers and extension functionaries • To organize front line demonstrations • To collaborate on farm testing, refining and documenting technologies