CAPACITORS By Gaurav Chaudhary 15IC24 Highlights Introduction Types

CAPACITORS By Gaurav Chaudhary 15/IC/24

Highlights • • • Introduction Types of capacitors Capacitor and Capacitance Charging and Discharging Capacitors as series and parallel Applications Advantages and disadvantages Future possibilities Conclusion Reference

Introduction • Electronic component • Two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating material (dielectric) • Stores electric charge v Symbol

Types of capacitor • Polar capacitor : - Such capacitors that has polarity. Also known as electrolytic capacitors. • Non-polar capacitor : - Such capacitor that has no polarity. Ceramic and mica are some non-polarized capacitor.

Capacitor and Capacitance • Increase in charge Q stored on the plates results in increase in voltage V across the plates Q α V Q = C*V The proportionality const. is capacitance C so, C= Q/V Also, C= (�o�r*A)/D Unit of capacitance is farad, F. so, 1 F= 1 C /V

Charging and Discharging • When switch is at 1 then capacitor is charging. • When switch is at 2 then it discharges through resistor. For discharging, V=Vo*e^-(t/RC) For charging, V=Vo[1 -e^-(t/RC)]

Capacitor as series and parallel • Capacitors in Parallel Circuits Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing capacitors in parallel. C = C 1 + C 2 + C 3. . . • Capacitors in Series Circuits Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing two capacitors in series. C = (C 1 + C 2) ÷ (C 1 × C 2)…

Applications • Energy storage • Digital memory • Motor starter • Noise filtering • As sensors • Producing lights etc.

Cntd. . • Capacitive sensor • Oscillators:

Advantages and disadvantages • Ø Ø Advantages: long life with little degradation and environmental friendly Very high rate of charge and discharge Improves safety Low cost per cycle • Disadvantages: Ø As with any capacitor, the voltage varies with the energy stored. Effective storage and recovery of energy requires complex electronic control and switching equipment, with consequent losses of energy Ø Linear discharge voltage prevents use of the full energy spectrum. Ø High self-discharge – the rate is considerably higher than that of an electrochemical battery.

Future possibilities • Using next level of capacitors, it will be possible to invent paper-thin electronic devices. • Charging a device will be completed in a few seconds. • Energy can be stored for a long period of time.

Summary • Capacitors are energy storage device • Life cannot be imagined without capacitors • It provides energy storage system to restrain the bus voltage fluctuations in the micro grid. • It is used for safety purposes • It compensate the energy effectively when the voltage sag occurred in the bus of the micro grid

Reference • Google photos • https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capacitor • www. electronics-tutorials. ws