Canine Respiration Imaging Quiz Developed by Sorcha Mc

Canine Respiration Imaging Quiz Developed by: Sorcha Mc. Caughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

Respiration Imaging Quiz Canine START!

Choose a region… • I want to x-ray the: – Head – Larynx and Hyoid Apparatus – Trachea and Bronchi

The Head • Do you want a: – Lateral view – Dorso-ventral view

The Head - Lateral • What is A? – Nasopharynx – Maxillary Sinus – Frontal Sinus A • What is B? – Soft Palate – Hard Palate – Nasal Septum C B • What is C? – Dorsal conchae – Ethmoidal conchae – Vomer

Correct! • Yes! This is the Frontal Sinus! • Here are some more examples. • Try part B

Incorrect • No, this is not the nasopharynx! • Here is the Nasopharynx: • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Maxillary Sinus! • The dog does not have a true Maxillary Sinus; it has a Maxillary Recess which is not easily visible on radiographs. • Try again!

Correct! • Yes! This is the Hard Palate! • Here are some more examples. • Try part C

Incorrect • No, this is not the Soft Palate! • Here is the Soft Palate: • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Nasal Septum! • The Nasal Septum is cartilagenous and so is not clearly visible on radiographs, except occasionally rostral to the Maxilla: • Try again!

Correct • Yes! This is the Dorsal Conchae! • Here are some more examples. • Do you want to: – See D/V head images – Pick a new region

Incorrect • No, this is not the Ethmoidal Conchae! • Here are the Ethmoidal Conchae: • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Vomer! • Here is the Vomer: • It is not easily distinguished from the hard palate on radiographs. • Try again!

The Head – D/V • What is A? C B A – Hard Palate – Vomer – Ventral Conchae • What is B? – Maxillary Sinus – Nares – Palatine Fissure • What is C? – Dorsal Conchae – Nasal Septum – Philtrum

Correct • Yes! This is the Vomer! • Here are some more examples. • Try part B

Incorrect • No, this is not the Hard Palate! • This is the Hard Palate: • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Ventral Conchae! • Ventral Conchae are not visible on dorsoventral radiographs. • Try again!

Correct • Yes! This is the Palatine Fissure! • Here are some more examples. • Try part C

Incorrect • No, this is not the Maxillary Sinus! • The dog does not have a true Maxillary Sinus; it has a Maxillary Recess which is not easily visible on radiographs. • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Nares! • The Nares are soft tissue structures, they are not easily visible on radiographs but are occasionally seen here: • Try again!

Correct • Yes! This is the Nasal Septum! • Here are some more examples. • Do you want to – See lateral head images – Pick a new region

Incorrect • No, this is not the Dorsal Conchae! • The Dorsal Conchae are internal structures: • Try again!

Incorrect • No, this is not the Philtrum! • The Philtrum is a fold of soft tissue between the nares and upper lip; it is not visible on radiographs. • Try again!

Larynx & Hyoids Question 1

1. The hyoid bones have been labelled, which of the following is correct? A, B, C, D, E = Ceratohyoid, Epihyoid, Stylohyoid, Basihyoid, Thyrohyoid Stylohyoid, Epihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Basihyoid, Thyrohyoid, Basihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Epihyoid, Stylohyoid, Epihyoid, Basihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Thyrohyoid A E B D C

Incorrect Try Again!

Correct • Well done! Here are some more examples of the Hyoid Bones: S E C B Now try Question 2 T

2. What structures are shown in the circled area on this radiograph? A. The Laryngeal Cartilages B. The Hyoid Bones C. The Tympanic Bullae

Correct Yes! These are the Laryngeal Cartilages! They are: Epiglottis, Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid As they are cartilagenous, they are not normally easy to see on radiographs. The larynx is composed of these cartilages and soft tissues which do not show up on x-rays, so is most easily located by using the hyoid bones. Back to Choose a region screen.

Incorrect These are not the Hyoid Bones. They appear as thin, linear bones. See Question 1 for views of the Hyoid bones. Try Again!

Incorrect These are not the Tympanic Bullae. They are the bones of the skull containing the middle ear space. Here are examples of the Tympanic Bullae: Try Again!

Trachea and Bronchi Do you want: Normal Views Contrast Views

Lateral Thorax Although the lung field can be distinguished on this radiograph, the lungs themselves cannot be seen because: 1. The lungs are abnormal/diseased 2. Gas shows up as black on radiographs 3. They are obscured by the heart. A What is structure A? 1. The Oesophagus 2. The Cranial Vena Cava 3. The Trachea Back to Trachea and Bronchi

Correct Yes! Gas does not absorb x-rays, so the film behind gas filled structures such as the lungs is fully exposed and shows up as black. Here are some other examples of normal lungs: Back to Lateral Thorax Back to Choose a Region

Incorrect No! These lungs are normal. Abnormal lungs show up as pale white and cloudy due to the presence of infected material or abnormal tissue growth. Here are some examples: Try Again!

Incorrect No! The heart is the grey soft-tissue structure in the centre of the thorax; although the lungs do wrap around the heart they extend far beyond it. Try Again!

Incorrect No! This is not the Oesophagus! The oesophagus is not rigid and is usually empty and collapsed on radiographs, making it hard to see. Try Again!

Incorrect No! This is not the Cranial Vena Cava. This structure is black, suggesting it is gas-filled. Try Again!

Correct Yes! This is the Trachea! It is easily recognised as it is gas filled and black. Further cranially it is sometimes possible to identify the Tracheal Cartilages:

Contrast View of Lungs (Feline) • Which is the Trachea: A, B or C? A • Which is the Bronchi: A, B, or C? • Which is the Bronchioles and Alveoli? A, B, or C? C Back to Trachea and Bronchi B