Canine and Feline Blood Sample Collection Objective To

Canine and Feline Blood Sample Collection Objective: To understand the patient’s preparation, positioning, and procedures for blood collection using venipuncture and arterial sampling techniques. Skills: Perform cephalic, saphenous, and jugular venipuncture CTVT: Pages 556 -561

Vocabulary Words • Venipuncture • Peripheral vs. central • Occlude • Aspirate • Hematoma • Vasodilation • Hemolysis

Restraint

Indications for Blood Collection

How Much Blood Can We Take?

Supplies Needed for Blood Collection 1. 2. 3. 4.

Optional Supplies • Tourniquet • Vacutainer • Winged needle • Clippers • Sterile gloves

How do you choose APPROPRIATE supplies? 1. Needle • Gauge: • Length:

How do you choose APPROPRIATE supplies? 2. Syringe size • Based on amount of blood needed which is based on the ______________

Supplies for Sample Storage 3. Blood tubes- what’s in each? • • • Lavender top Tiger top Red top Yellow top Green top Light blue top Alternatives: • Antigen test • Glucometer

General Principles • Reduce stress- for who? • Collection site should be free of disease and debris • Start as ______ as possible • Bevel up! *Demonstrate holding the syringe

Technician Efficiency *Blood samples should be obtained BEFORE any treatment begins* Step 1. Gather your supplies! • Break the seal • Remove __________ • Loosen needle cap 2. Find a restrainer 3. Retrieve patient 4. Find the vein- who occludes?

Technician Efficiency 5. Poke the animal! • This is the painful part- ensure the animal is well restrained • Be as gentle as possible, but poke with ______ *Your needle does not have to go all the way into the animal! • What should I be watching for? 6. Aspirate • Blood flowing? Great, now don’t move anything except the plunger! • No blood? (see “redirecting”)

Technician Efficiency 7. Once you have desired amount, stop occluding the vessel • Communication!! 8. Remove needle from patient • What should restrainer do now? 9. Store the sample with a sense of urgency • When is this most important? 10. Dispose of needle in a Sharps container

Redirecting Your Needle During Collection Why? • No blood is flowing into the syringe When? • You have entered the patient, but not the vein (SQ) • Negative pressure is felt when aspirating How? • Retract the needle ______ of the way out of the animal • Reposition your angle towards the vein and try again *TECH TIP: Gently keep aspirating the entire time you are retracting/advancing the needle*

Trouble shooting You had blood, but now there’s no longer any blood flow… 1. Were you watching the needle or syringe? • May have pushed needle through or came out of the vein 2. Bevel is possibly against the vessel wall • Rotate syringe • Change your angle 3. Vein may have collapsed (needs time to fill) • • Release back pressure on the _______ Aspirate less forcefully “Pump the _____” Change to smaller syringe?

Transferring Blood into Tubes • If using a 20 gauge needle or bigger: o You may puncture the vacuum tube stopper with needle • If using smaller than a 20 gauge needle: o Detach needle from syringe o Remove stopper from collection tube o Gently transfer blood into tube along the side • Anticoagulant tubes: 1. You must have proper anticoagulant: blood 2. Tube must be _______ multiple times • Serum tubes: allow to _____ before centrifugation

Labeling of Blood Tubes

Jugular Venipuncture When and why? Where? Occlude in the jugular ______ at the ___________ How? • It’s all about: 1. The restraint/positioning 2. You occluding the vessel • Do not stop occluding! • When should you stop occluding…? *Note: This is a thicker vessel wall than peripheral veins

Tips and tricks for dogs: *Lateral canthus *Cowlick

Tips for felines: *Their jugulars are usually superficial and medial *Ensure you have enough room to pull plunger down

Canine Cephalic Venipuncture When and Why? Where anatomically? How? • Position- • Who occludes? • Which direction do you roll? • Use thumb to stabilize; HOLD ONTO the paw!

Canine Lateral Saphenous When and Why? Where anatomically? How? • Position: ________ • Who occludes? • Up or down the mountain? • Use thumb to stabilize

Feline Medial Saphenous When and why? Where? How? • Position: ________ • Do not let go of the leg! • Use thumb to stabilize • Vessel is EXTREMELY superficial • Be ready to apply digital pressure!!

Complications from Blood Collection 1. To the patient • Hematoma/bruising • Tissue trauma/pain • Sepsis • Air embolism

Complications from Blood Collection 2. To the sample • Hemolysis • Sample dilution • Clot formation

Lab Info/Charting • Everyone in the group must restrain each animal • Sign the animal out under ________ o If ANY amount of blood is taken from the animal (even a flash), it should be recorded as a successful blood draw in the chart o If no blood is obtained, the blood draw is recorded as unsuccessful • The vessel(s) used must also recorded in _______ • Regarding signing off on the skill- an instructor must decide if your blood draw was successful or unsuccessful

Arterial Blood Sampling • Used to assess pulmonary function by testing: • Pa. O 2, Pa. CO 2, p. H, acid base balance • Artery is not occluded, but _______ • Location of dorsal pedal: _________________

Blue Pearl Image Library

Arterial Blood Sampling • Must have a blood gas analyzer

Venipuncture Videos • Canine cephalic https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ofw 6 pn. P 04 z. Y& feature=related • Feline jugular https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SOE 8 -0 r. ZGd. E • Femoral artery https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. XKxznzgnns

Supplemental Reading Assignment Vet Tech’s Daily Reference Guide Pages 494 -496