CANINE ANATOMY Group members Loh Mae Chel mae
CANINE ANATOMY
Group members • Loh Mae Chel (mae chel) • Lee Ching Wai (Jazz) • Nur Ainsyah Natasya (tasya) • Desalini (desa) • Muhammad Fikree (piki)
• HEAD • Lee Ching Wai D 10 A 015 • Loh Mae Chel D 10 A 016
Cutaneous muscles and major fasciae
Superficial muscles
Deep muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Transverse fibers in the superficial fascia of the ventral neck Cervical branch ( R. colli) of the facial n. Tenses and moves the ventral and lateral skin M. cervicoauricularis superficialis M. cervicoscutularis Dorsal median Dorsal(convex) raphe of the neck surface of the auricular cartilage Dorsal median Caudomedial part raphe of the neck of scutiform cartilage Caudal auricular n. , branch of the facial n. Caudal auricular n. , branch of facial n. Long elevator muscle of the ear M. cervicoscutularis profundus and medius External sagittal crest Caudal auricular n. , branch of facial n. Muscles of facial expression M. Sphincter colli superficialis Auricular muscles Lateral border of the auricular cartilage Elevates the ear and tenses the scutiform cartilage Turns opening ( conchal fissure) of the auricular cartilage caudomedially
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation M. occipitalis External sagittal crest Superficial fascia of Rostral auricular the head branches of the auriculopalpebral n. M. interscutularis Transverse fibers passing between the two scutiform cartilages Function Draws scutiform cartilage caudomedially Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Draws scutiform cartilages medially M. frontoscutularis Rostral continuation of m. interscutularis Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Draws the scutiform cartilages rostromedially M. scutuloauricularis superficialis Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Turns the auricular cartilage so that its opening (conchal fissure) faces rostralmedially, erects the ear Scutiform cartilage Rostral border of the auricular cartilage
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation M. paratidoauricularis Parotid fascia and superficial fascia of cranial neck Ventrolateral at Cervical branch ( the base of the R. colli) of the auricular cartilage facial n. M. Caudal margin of mandibuloauricularis the ramus of the mandible ventral to the condyle Ventral at the Caudal auricular base of the n. , branch of the auricular cartilage facial n. Function Draws the ear down, lays the ear ‘back’
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Closed, sphincter-like muscle at the border of the rima oris; there is no skeletal attachment Crossing fibers that pass in the cheek region between the maxilla and the body of the mandible; extends from the angle of the mouth to the level of the rostral border of the masseter m. ; interwoven rostrally with orbicularis oris fibers Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Closes the rima oris ( opening of the mouth) Forms the lateral boundary of the oral cavity; compresses the vestibule of the oral cavity, pressing the food into the oral cavity proper; compresses the buccal glands Scutiform cartilage Radiates into the orbicularis oris at the angle of the mouth Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Draws the angle of the mouth caudally; draws the scutiform cartilage rostroventrally Muscles of the lips and cheeks M. orbicularis oris M. buccinator M. zygomaticus
Muscles Origin M. caninus Maxilla, ventral to Upper lip the infraorbital foramen Maxilla, rostral to Wing of the infraorbital nostril; upper lip foramen M. levator labii superoris Insertion Innervation Function Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Draws the upper lip caudodorsally Elevates the upper lip and the nasal plane and draws them caudally, widens the opening of the nostril Muscles of the eyelids and nose M. orbicularis oculi A muscular ring passing within the Auriculopalpebral Narrowing and eyelids. It arises dorsally and ventrally n. , branch of the closure of the from the medial palpebral ligament facial n. palpebral fissure and encircles the palpebral fissure ( the opening between the eyelids
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation M. retractor anguli oculi Deep temporal fascia Lateral angle of the eye M. levator anguli oculi Fascia upon the frontal bone ( frontal fascia) Auriculopalpebral n. , branch of the facial n. M. levator nasolabialis Maxilla in the region of the medial angle of the eye; frontal fascia Deep fascia of the Lower eyelid face M. malaris Function Draws the lateral angle of the eye caudally Medially into the Elevates the upper eyelid medial part of the upper eyelid; erects the tactile hairs Lateral nostril and Auriculopalpebral Widens the upper lip n. , branch of the opening of the facial n. nostril and raises the upper lip Auriculopalpebral Draws the lower n. , branch of the eyelid ventrally facial n.
Muscles Origin Mandibular muscles Superficial muscles of the throat M. digastricus Paracondylar process ( the jugular process forms its base) M. mylohyoideus Insertion Innervation Ventral margin of Ramus the mandible digastricus, branch of the facial n. ( caudal belly); mylohyoid n. , branch of the mandibular n. (rostral belly) Mylohyoid line on Median raphe N. mylohyoideus, the medial joining the branch of the surface of the muscles of the mandubular n. body of the two sides ventral mandible to the geniohyoideus m. Function Lowers the mandible, opening the mouth Elevates the tongue, presses it against the palate
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function Masticatory n. , branch of the mandibular n. Raises the mandible External muscles of mastication M. temporalis Temporal fossa Coronoid process of the mandible M. masseter Zygomatic arch Masseteric fossa of the mandible Raises the mandible Internal muscles of mastication M. pterygoideus medialis M. pterygoideus lateralis Pterygopalatine fossa(medial pterygoid); wing og the basisphenoid (lateral pterygoid) Pterygoid fossa of Pterygoid nn. , the branches of the mandible(medial mandibular n. pterygoid), pterygoid fovea of the mandible ( lateral pterygoid) Synergist of the masseter m. , raising the mandible; with unilateral contraction, draws the mandible toward the side of the muscle acting
Canine anatomy Thoracic limb NUR AINSYAH NATASYA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ D 10 A 027 (ye. . saya la yang paling cute)
�Flexor=ms on the side of the limb towards which the joint bends � biceps brachii m. flexes the elbow. �Extensor=the ms on the opposite side. � triceps brachii m. =extensor of the elbow �Adductors-ms that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane �Abductors=ms that tend to move the limb away from the median plane �Agonists(prime movers)are ms directly responsible for producing the desired action. �The Antagonists are ms that oppose the desired actions. �Synergists are ms that oppose any undesired action of the agonists � Eg. in extension of the elbow, a movt. produced by the triceps brachii biceps(agonist for extension), brachii and brachialis are antagonists coz they produce the opposite action, flexion of the elbow.
Muscle Function Deltoideus m. Origin Insertion Innervation Flexes shoulder • spine of scapula • Caudal boarder of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary n. Teres minor m. Flexes shoulder Distal half of caudal boarder of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary n. Teres major m. Flexes shoulder Caudal boarder of scapula and subscapularis Teres tuberosity Axillary n. of humerus Subscapularis m. Extends shoulder Lesser tuberosity of humerus Subscapular fossa of scapula Axillary n. Subscapular n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation Coracobrachialis m. Extends shoulder Coracoid process of scapula Proximomedial surface of humerus Musculocutane ous n. Biceps brachii m. • Extend shoulder • Flexes elbow • Stabilize carpus Supraglenoid tubercle • Radial tuberosity • Tendon of extensor carpi radialis m. Musculocutane ous n. Brachialis m. Flexes elbow Proximocaudal surface of humerus Proximomedial Musculocutane surface of radius ous n.
Supraspinat • Extends • Supraspi us m. shoulder natous • Stabilize fossa shoulder • Scapular cartilage and spine Infraspinat us m. Extends and flexes shoulder Greater and Suprascapu lesser lar n. tubercles of humerus • Infraspin Greater atous tubercle of fossa humerus • Scapular cartilage and spine Suprascapu lar n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation Triceps brachii m. Long head Extends elbow and flexes shoulder Caudal boarder Olecranon of scapula tuber Lateral head Extends elbow Deltoid tuberosity Medial head Anconeus m. Radial n. Middle surface of middle 1/3 of humerus • Extend elbow • Raise joint capsule (prevent capsule compression during elbow extension Boarder of olecranon fossa Lateral olecranon Radial n.
Muscle Function Origin Tensor fascia antebrachii m. • Extends elbow • Tenses forearm Caudal boarder Deep fascia of of scapula forearm and olecranon common digital • Extend extensor m. carpus • Extends digit III Lateral digital extensor m. Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Innervation Radial n. • Proximodor Radial n. sal on proximal phalanx • Extensor processes of middle and distal phalanges Extends Proximal Proximodorsal metacarpophal radius and ulna on proximal anges joint phalanx (fetlock) Radial n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion innervation extensor carpi radialis m. extends the lateral Proximodorsal deep branch of carpal, pastern supracondylar metacarpal III the radial n. And coffin joint. of the humerus bone (metacarpal of the index finger). accessory carpal bone Ulnaris lateralis m. flexes carpus Lateral epicondyle of humerus • Accessory carpal bone • Metacarpal IV (lateral Radial n. Proximal metacarpal II Radial n. splint bone) Extensor carpi obliquus m. Extends carpus Middle of radius (abductor pollicis craniolaterally longus m. )
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation flexor carpi radialis m Flexes carpus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Proximal Sesamoid Bones Median n. flexor carpi ulnaris m. (ulnar & humeral heads) Flexes carpus • Medial Epicondyle of Humerus • Medial Olecranon Accessory Carpal Bone Ulnar n. superficial Extends elbow Medial digital flexor m. Flexes carpus Epicondyle of Flexes digit Humerus • Distal Ulnar n. Collateral Tubercles of Proximal Phalanx • Proximal Collateral Tubercles of Middle Phalanx
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation Flexor Surface of Distal Phalanx Median n. & Ulnar n. deep digital flexor m. Humeral head Extends elbow Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Ulnal head Flexes carpus Radial head Flexes digit Interosseous Medial Olecranon Ulnar n. Middle of Radius, Caudal Surface Median n. Resist • Proximocau overextension dal on of metacarpal metacarpophal III angeal joint • Palmer carpal ligament Proximal Deep branch of Sesamoid bone ulnar n.
• extensor carpi radialis m. (1) • common digital extensor m. (2) • lateral digital extensor m. (3). • ulnaris lateralis m. (4) Two minor muscles are the • brachioradialis m. (5) • abductor pollicis longus m. (6). Fascia has been removed except for the extensor retinaculum (7) that binds digital extensor tendons at the carpus. (Scissors elevate branches of the common digital extensor tendon. )
• common digital extensor m. (1) • lateral digital extensor m. (2) (tendon are elevated by forceps) • extensor carpi radialis m. (3) • ulnaris lateralis m. (4) Craniolateral antebrachial muscles originate form the vicinity of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk). • anconeus m. (5), caudal to the epicondyle.
medial epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk). deep fascia has been removed from the antebrachium except for flexor retinaculum (1), which binds digital flexor tendons in the carpus. superficial digital flexor m. (2) and its tendon branches are elevated by instruments. flexor carpi ulnaris m. (arrows).
• • superficial digital flexor m. (1)have been reflected. flexor carpi ulnaris m. (2) has humeral and ulnar heads. Latter elevated by the forceps. flexor carpi radialis m. (3) is medially on the limb. deep digital flexor m. (4) it’s tendons are visible distal to the flexor retinaculum (5).
• deep digital flexor m (1) it’s humeral head is being pulled by forceps. small radial head (2) attaches to the radius. The ulnar head (3) originates from the ulna. deep layer of flexor retinaculum (asterisk) has been cut to release the tendon (arrow) of the deep digital flexor m. • • superficial digital flexor m. (4); flexor carpi ulnaris m. (5); flexor carpi radialis m. (6); and pronator teres m. (7).
HIND LIMB
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION Middle Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum Trochanter major Cranial gluteal draws the limb nerve caudally and outward Superficial Gluteal fascia, lateral part ofsacrum Gluteal tuberosity Caudal gluteal nerve Tensor Fascia Latae Tuber coxae Patella and Cranial gluteal draw the limb tibia nerve forward toward tuberosity by cranial way of the fascia lata and patella ligament draws the limb caudally
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION Sartorial Tuber coxae, iliac crest Crural fascia, cranial margin of tibia Femoral nerve draw the limb forward and adduct the limb Semimembran Tuber eous ischiadicum Medial condyle of the femur and tibia Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve Draw the limb medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crus Femoral biceps Tuber ischiadium, sacrotuberous ligament Patella and tibia tuberosity, cranial margin of the tibia Muscular Attachment to branch of the cranial ischiadic nerve margin of the tibia flexes
DEEP MUSCLE
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION Middle Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum Trochanter major Cranial gluteal draws the limb nerve caudally and outward Superficial Gluteal fascia, lateral part ofsacrum Gluteal tuberosity Caudal gluteal nerve Tensor Fascia Latae Tuber coxae Patella and Cranial gluteal draw the limb tibia nerve forward toward tuberosity by cranial way of the fascia lata and patella ligament draws the limb caudally
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATIO N FUNCTION Coccygeal Ischiadic spine Transverse process of first four caudal vertebrae Ventral branch of the third sacral spinal nerve Draw the tail to the side of muscle acting with both muscle contracting Femoral quariceps Craniolateral and craniomedial at the femur Tibial tuberosity by mean of the patella ligament Femoral nerve Main extensor of the stiffle joint, fixation of the limb Femoral quadrate Ventromedial surface of the ischium near tuber Caudal surface of femur distal to the trochanteric fossa Ischiadic nerve Rotates the limb, turning its cranial face laterally
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION Semitendenou Tuber s ischiadicum Medial surface Muscular of the tibia branch of the ischidia nerve Draw the limbs medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crust turning its cranial face medially Semimembran Tuber ous ischiadicum Medial condyle of the femur and tibia Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve Draw the limb medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crus turning its cranial face medially Gastrocnemius Distal femur, medial and lateral supracondyles tuberosity Tuber calcanei Tibial nerve Extensor of tarsal joint, flexor of stiffle joint
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION Deep digital flexor Lateral condyle of femur Caudal aspect of proximal tibia Long fibular Long digital flexor INNERVATION FUNCTION Flexes the stifle and rotate then leg medially
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVAT ION FUNCTION sartorial Tuber coxae, iliac crest Crural fascia, cran ial margin of tibia Femoral nerve draw the limb forward and adduct the limb Ventral pubic tubercle Proximally on the facies aspera Obturator nerve Adductor Cranial tibial adductor
The largest of the hamstring (caudal thigh) muscles is the biceps femoris m. (1) which originates from the ischium and inserts broadly on fascia lata (2) and crural fascia (3). The muscle has been transected in two locations to facilitate reflecting it. The semitendinosus m. (4) is partially exposed. Other visible (non-hamstring) muscles include: sartorius m. (5), tensor fasciae latae m. (6), middle gluteal m. (7), superficial gluteal m. (8), levator ani m. (9), and external anal sphincter m. (10).
Cutaneous muscle and major fasciae of the canine
Muscle origin M. Platysma M. Cutaneus omobrachialis insertion innervation function Arise from the dorsal median raphe of the neck, passing rostroventrally onto the face where as the M. cutaneous faciei, it radiates into the M. orbicularis of the upper & lower lips R. Platysmatis of the caudal auricular n. , cervical branch (R. colli) of the facial n. Tenses & moves the skin in the nuchal & masseteric regions, retracts the angle of the mouth, tenses the skin in the labial region From the supf. Shoulder fascia opposite the scapula Intercostobrachial n. Tightens & moves the skin over the shoulder Over the elbow joint
Muscle origin insertion innervation function M. Cutaneus trunci From the superficial trunk fascia roughly along a line from the withers to the fold of the flank Opposite the Lateral throcic & Tightens & moves dorsal two intercostobrachia the skin of the thirds of the l nn. trunk scapula: blend with the supf. Shoulder fascia ; Opposite the ventral third of the scapula, end with deep pectoral muscle on medial surface of humerus
Superficial muscle of the canine
muscle origin insertion innervation function Sternohyoideus Manubrium of sternum & 1 st costal cartilage Lingual process of Ventral branch of Retract basihyoid bone 1 st cervical n. & tounge (basihyoiduem) caudally sternocephalic Manubrium sterni Caudal border of mandible M. Cleidocervicalis M. Omo transversarius Ventral br. of accessory n (XI) Opens mouth; flexes or inclines head and neck to the side of the muscledorsal median raphe Dorsal median Clavicular raphe of the neck intersection cranial to trapezius Dorsal branch of accessory n. (XI) Draw the thoracic limb forward. Acromion of scapula Ventral branch of Draws thoracic fourth cervical n. limb forward, bends neck to one side. Wing of atlas
muscle origin insertion innervation Functions M. cleidobrachialis Clavicular intersection (clavicular part), spine of scapula by aponeurosis (scapula part), acromion (acromial part) Humeral crest (clavicular part), deltoid tuberosity (scapular & acromial parts) Axillary n. (scapular & acromial parts), accessory axillary n. (clavicular part), this neve may also be called the n. brachiocephalicus Scapula & acromial parts, flexor of the shoulder joint, clavicular part, as a part of the brachiocephalicus m. , draws the limb forward M. Trapezius Dorsal median raphe od the neck from the 3 rd cervical vertebra to the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 1 -9 Cervical part : dorsal two third of the scapular spine Thoracic part: dorsal third of the scapular spine Dorsal branch of accessory n. Acting together, draw the scapula dorsally. Cervical part: draw the scapula craniodorsally. Thoracic part: draw the scapula caudodorsally. Major teres Caudal margin of the scapula Teres major tuberosity Axillary n. Flexor of shoulder joint M. Latissium dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Teres major tuberosity with the m. teres major tendon Thoracodorsal n. Draw the thoracic limb caudally; flexor of shoulder joint; with limb fixed, draws the trunk forward
muscle origin insertion innervation Functions M. Obliquus externus abdominis Ribs 4 -13 (costal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Linea alba(abdominal tendon); inguinal ligament, from the tuber coxae to the iliopubic eminence & pecten ossis pubis (pelvic tendon) Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn. Ventral abdominal muscles support the ventral abdominal wall. They function with the diaphragm in reciprocal movement of abdominal respiration: inspiration M. Obliquus internus abdominis Tuber coxae & neighboring part of the inguinal ligament (inguinal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Linea alba & costal arch Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn M. sartorius Tuber coxae, iliac crest Crural fascia, cranial margin of fibia Femoral n. Flexor of the hip joint, external of the stifle joint (cranial part), flexor of the stifle joint (caudal part) acting together two part of muscle draw limb forward & adduct the limb
muscle origin insertion Deep pectoral muscle Sternum; distally on ribs 4 -9; tunica flava abdominis Major & minor Cranial & Suspends trunk tubercles of caudal pectoral between humerus; tendon nn. forelimbs; retracts of origin of limb; stabilizes coracobrachialis shoulder joint Sacrocaudalis Between spinous & dorsalis medialis mamillary processes of the last 2 -3 sacral & 1 st several caudal vertebrae M. Rhomboideus - Cervicis - thoracic Nuchal crest (captial part) , dorsal median raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1 st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic part) innervation Dorsal brr. of local spinal nn. Medial surface of Ventral scapular cartilage branches of cervical nerves Functions Elevates tail & bends it laterally Fixation of thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward.
Deep muscle of the canine
muscle origin M. splenius Spinous Nuchal crest processes of v. T 1 v. T 3 M. Iliocostalis Ilium (lumbar part), several adjacent ribs beginning several segments caudal to rib of insertion & transverse process of v. C 7(6) (thoracic part) -lumborum -thoracis insertion Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae & caudal ribs (lumbar part); caudal margin of ribs several segments cranial to ribs of origin & transverse process of vc 7(6) (thoracic part) innervation function Dorsal branches of cervical & thoracic nn. Extension & lateral flexion of head & neck Fixation of lumbar vertebrae & ribs, erection & lateral flexion of vertebral column (lumbar part); draws ribs caudally in expiration , attachment to transverse process of v. C 7(6) draw corresponding ribs cranially in inspiration (thoracic part)
muscle origin insertion innervation M. Spinalis & Lumbar spinous & semispinalis mamillary thoracic et cervicis processes (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ), cranial thoracic spinous processes (cervical spinalis) Spinous processes of cranial thoracic vertebrae (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ) spinous processes of cervical vertebrae up to the axis. (cervical spinalis) Dorsal branches of Fixation of dorsum lumbar, thoracic & & neck bends the cervical spinal nn. trunk & neck to the side of the muscle acting M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis Supraspinous ligament at the level of thoracic vertebrae 1 -8 Cranial margin of ribs 3 -10 Intercostal nn. M. Rectus (Straight) abdominis Sternum & first rib Pecten ossis pubis (including its costal cartilage) Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn. function inspiratory
muscle origin insertion M. Transversus abdominis Asternal ribs (costal Linea alba part) lumbar transverse processes & deep leaf of the thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Ventral branches of intercostal, costabdominal & lumbar nn. M. Serratus ventralis -Cervicis - thoracis Transverse Facies serrata of processes of scapula cervical vertebrae 2 -7 (cervical part), rib 1 -7 (10) Ventral branches of cervical nn. (cervical part), long thoracic n. (thoracic part) Most important muscle supporting trunk, raises neck; whn thoracic limb is fixed, an auxiliary inspiratory muscle Mm. Intercostales externi From the caudal margin of the more cranial rib of the intercostal space Intercostal nn. inspiratory Extends caudoventrally to the cranial margin of the more caudal rib of the space innervation function
muscle origin insertion innervation function M. Rhomboideus - Cervicis - thoracic - capitis Nuchal crest (captial part) , dorsal median raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1 st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic part) Medial surface of Ventral branches Fixation of scapular cartilage of cervical nerves thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward.
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