Candy Capability Operations Management Dr Ron Lembke Tolerance
Candy Capability Operations Management Dr. Ron Lembke
Tolerance Limits for food? o o Underfilling who would notice? Overfilling – would anyone care?
Packaged Goods o o o What are the Tolerance Levels? What we have to do to measure capability? What are the sources of variability?
Production Process Make Candy Make Candy irregularity Mix % Package Put in big bags Wrong wt.
Weighing Package and all candies o o Before placing candy on scale, press “ON/TARE” button Wait for 0. 00 to appear If it doesn’t say “g”, press Cal/Mode button a few times Write weight down on form
Candy colors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Write Name on form Write weight on form Write Package # on form Count # of each color and write on form Count total # of candies and write on form (Advanced only): Eat candies Turn in forms and complete wrappers
Your Job o Write down package # n n o Optional: n n o Weigh package and candies, all together, in grams and ounces Write down weights on form Open package, count total # candies Count # of each color Write down Eat candies Turn in form and empty complete wrappers for weighing
Grams or Ounces?
Peanut Candy Weights o Avg. 2. 18, stdv 0. 242, c. v. = 0. 111
Plain Candy Weights o Avg 0. 858, St. Dev 0. 035, C. V. 0. 0413
Mini Candy Weights Avg 0. 288, St. Dev 0. 020, C. V. 0. 070 o M&M Mini Individual Candy Weights 30% 25% Percentage 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0, 23 0, 24 0, 25 0, 26 0, 27 0, 28 0, 29 Weight (in grams) 0, 31 0, 32 0, 33 0, 34
Peanut Color Mix o o o Brown 17. 7% Yellow 8. 2% Red 9. 5% Blue 15. 4% Orange 26. 4% Green 22. 7% website 20% 20% 10%
Plain Color Mix o o o Brown Yellow Red Blue Orange Green Class 12. 1% 14. 7% 11. 4% 19. 5% 21. 2% website 30% 20% 10% 10%
So who cares? o o Dept. of Commerce National Institutes of Standards & Technology NIST Handbook 133 Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
NIST Fines o o o Don’t get caught It’s embarassing You’ll look dumb
How Many Servings? 264. 8 g /36 g = 7. 35 servings 267. 9 g /45 g = 5. 95 servings
Not for Retail Sale Why Not? • Ingredients • Nutritional information • Peanut/allergy information • Need room for cute pics • Process variability?
Acceptable?
Sampling Plans for Category A
Package Weight o o “Not Labeled for Individual Retail Sale” If individual is 18 g MAV is 10% = 1. 8 g Nothing can be below 18 g – 1. 8 g = 16. 2 g
Too Much Variability 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15 15, 5 16 16, 5 17 17, 5 18 18, 5 19 19, 5 10. 9% of sample below 16. 2 g! 20 20, 5 21 21, 5 22 22, 5 Avg= 17. 57, stdev 1. 42
Suppose they wanted to o Stated weight = 18 g, MAV = 16. 2 g Suppose want 99. 7% chance nothing below MAV Set the average to be 3σ above MAV n n σ = 1. 42 g, so set Avg = 16. 2 + 3*1. 42 = 20. 46 You pay for 18 g, they give you 20. 46 g! 13. 7% Free! They have to give away 1/7 th of the candy! Clearly, they aren’t going to do this!
Summary o o Many reasons M&M’s “Not for Individual Sale” Process variability seems to be an important one, if not the major one Process variability is a very important consideration for companies. BTW, one bag was 223. 6 g < 264. 8
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