Can you survive the Revolution of 1905 Learning

Can you survive the Revolution of 1905? Learning Objectives: • To understand how the Tsar survived the revolution of 1905 Niusha! If I fail to return or am killed, Niusha, do not cry. You’ll get along somehow to begin with, and then you’ll find work at a factory. Bring up Vaniura and tell him I died a martyr for the people’s freedom and happiness. Your loving father and husband, Vania. Starter: Read the letter of the left, written by a worker who went to the 1905 Demonstrations. What can it tell you about his aims?

Social causes Political causes Economic causes Review– 1) Can you draw links between any of the long term causes? Even better, can you explain them? 2) Which individual long term cause is the most important and why? 3) Which category of long term cause is the most important and why? 1905 Russo. Japanese War Bloody Sunday Revolution

Timeline of the 1905 Revolution Jan 1905 – Bloody Sunday – Port Arthur surrenders to Japan https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=v-H 1 j. BY 7 EVE (1905 in Lego) Feb 1905 – Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei – Major strike involving 400, 000 workers April 1905 – Peasant uprising, Kursk province May 1905 – Battle of Tsushima June 1905 – Mutiny on Potemkin Battleship Oct 1905 – General strike in cities / Peasant uprisings – Creation of St Petersburg Soviet – October Manifesto

Can you survive the Revolution of 1905? You are Nicholas II. You are a die-hard autocrat (rule by one). Remember, you think Russian government should be based on the MONARCHY, RUSSIANESS and ORTHODOXY (religion). You have faced an uprising form many parts of your society: • Peasants • Workers • Political parties • Soldiers. Strikes, riots and violence have been breaking out all over Russia for almost a year.

In October, the Soviet of Workers deputies and the Mensheviks set up a general strike. It was well organised, proving the ability of the workers to organise themselves This has put a lot of pressure on the Tsar and the whole system to do something. Do you: a) Put down the strike using force. Try to crush the revolution and set up a military dictatorship b) Listen to the advice of your minister Witte. He has just arrived back from successfully negotiating peace in the R-J war, and is suggesting that you should introduce reforms.

a) = 0 points. This is what the Tsar actually wanted to do, but he was persuaded not to. b) = 5 points. The Tsar introduced the October Manifesto • Freedom of speech and conscience • Freedom from unwarranted arrest • An elected Duma (parliament) that could block laws • The liberals see this as …. • The St Petersburg Soviet voted to end the strike…. . • The more radical parties…… • …. because the workers are suffering terrible hardships • …dismiss it as a trick. • …. the first step towards a new, constitutional government

After November, the worker’s organisations became over confident. The St Petersburg Soviet formed a militia of 6000 men, and started interfering in the running of the railways. The government started arresting members of the ST Petersburg Soviet under the direction of Minister of the Interior Durnovo. This has led to an armed uprising in the streets of St Petersburg, led by the Social Democrats. The workers are massing in the workers’ district of Presnia. Do you: a) Use the army to crush the uprising. Follow this up with a brutal crackdown on any opposition with beatings, mass arrests and executions. You can use the militia of the ‘Union of Russian People’. This is a new party with a pro-government Terrorist wing the ‘Black Hundreds’. b) Allow the workers some reforms too. Have a meeting with the Social Democrats and consider giving in to some of their demands.

a) = 5 points. This is what the Tsar did. It was very effective. b) = 0 points. The Social Democrats are revolutionaries. They wanted an end to the Tsarist system and a government of workers. The Tsar would never have agreed to their demands.

The crackdown had proved to be a turning point in the revolution: • The Liberals were convinced that they should be satisfied with what had already been achieved in the October Manifesto. They withdrew from any further action • The middle classes were grateful for the Tsar for stopping the violence. Using the Okhrana to arrest people in the streets, the Tsar managed to restore order “Thank God for the Tsar, who has saved us from the people”

In the countryside the peasants are angry following a poor harvest in 1905. There is anger among peasants that they did not receive anything in the October Manifesto. Violence has broken out. In Tambov, 130 estate buildings have been burned down. Do you: a) Promise to halve, and then remove, the redemption payments for peasants, as well as setting up a Peasant Land Bank to help them buy land? b) Crush them with the army?

a) = 1 points. This is what the Tsar tried. Unfortunately it didn’t bring order to the countryside b) = 0 points.

Unrest has broken out again in 1906. Hundreds of government officials are assassinated by the Socialist Revolutionaries. Do you: a) Give all the peasants more land, and ship supplies of food and grain from abroad b) Send the army out into the countryside and beat and intimidate the peasants into submission

a) = 0 points. The Tsar could not have afforded (financially or politically) to do this. b) = 5 points. The Tsar sent the troops out into the countryside to punish the peasants

Once again the use of force proved to be effective in restoring order • As many as 15, 000 people were executed and 45, 000 were deported • By 1906, courts had been set up to deliver fast executions (within 24 hours of sentencing) • Peasants were hanged in their hundreds • The old order was back and resistance died down.

Why did the Tsar survive the 1905 revolution? 1. Least important 1. Decide where to put each cause of Nicholas II’s survival on the spectrum 2. Add a specific example of this cause in action A. Once it had been paid and fed, the army supported the Tsar. The loyal army was crucial in crushing unrest in rural and urban areas B. The government used repressive measures and brutal violence against resistance. Most important 3. Explain why you have put the cause on the spectrum in that place C. In a period of deep financial trouble, Witte secured another foreign loan, which was enough to pay the soldiers. D. The middle classes wanted a return to order E. The October manifesto split the Liberals and the revolutionary parties by giving the Liberals what they wanted Extension Qs Can you find and draw on any links between the causes? 1. 2. Why do you think some historians have questioned whether or not the 1905 revolution should be called a revolution? F. The various groups – workers, peasants, liberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats never worked together or coordinated their actions to bring him down

Once it had been paid and fed, The various groups – workers, peasants, the army supported the Tsar. The loyal army was crucial in liberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats never worked together or crushing unrest in rural and coordinated their actions to bring him down urban areas The October manifesto split the Liberals and the revolutionary parties by giving the Liberals what they wanted The government used repressive measures and brutal violence against resistance. The middle classes wanted a return to order In a period of deep financial trouble, Witte secured another foreign loan, which was enough to pay the soldiers.

Once it had been paid and fed, The various groups – workers, peasants, the army supported the Tsar. The loyal army was crucial in liberals, Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats never worked together or crushing unrest in rural and coordinated their actions to bring him down urban areas The October manifesto split the Liberals and the revolutionary parties by giving the Liberals what they wanted The government used repressive measures and brutal violence against resistance. The middle classes wanted a return to order In a period of deep financial trouble, Witte secured another foreign loan, which was enough to pay the soldiers.

Essay: Explain why the 1905 Revolution failed? Identify 4 or 5 key reasons to base your paragraphs around. Try to prioritise them in order of importance. As you plan, it is important to form your ideas about the significance of these reasons. Remember that, whichever one you decide as the most important, you need to convince the examiner that your chosen reason was the key one. Remember: P E E L

Evaluation and judgement – how serious were events and why? What judgements can you make about the course of the revolution? Analysis and links – pick apart the issues – what is suggested? What does it mean? Can you link points? Comprehension – describe the events to show understanding Outline of events

Homework – due • Read pages 38 -40 in Lynch and make notes on the significance of the 1905 Revolution • How significant do you think the 1905 Revolution was? Explain in your own words

Plenary “The 1905 Revolution failed because of a lack of unity amongst revolutionaries. ” “The 1905 Revolution failed because Nicholas split the opposition” “The 1905 Revolution failed because…” Which do you agree with?

Plenary A text message from… … Father Gapon … The ghost of Grand Duke Sergei … Leon Trotsky