Can Big Data Improve Public Policy Analysis A
Can Big Data Improve Public Policy Analysis? A Systematic Review of Big Data and Public Policy Analysis Jing Shi Associate Professor Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Research Method 3. Impacts of Big Data on Public Policy Analysis 4. Implementation of Big Data 5. Conclusion
1. Introduction Research Questions Can big data improve public policy analysis? 1. Whether big data technology has impacts on public policy analysis? 2. What are the benefits, risks and recommendations that big data brings to public policy analysis? 3. How exactly can big data be applied to improve public policy analysis?
2. Research Method——Systematic Review Study Selection Search Strategy Selectronic libraries Define search terms Application of search terms Selection of primary studies
2. Research Method ——Search strategy Search Keywords Exclusion Criteria l E 1. a study that only mentions some of the search terms, but does not focus on big data or its application on public policy l E 2. a study that not focuses on implementing big data on decision making in public sector.
2. Research Method ——Search selection Search Procedure
2. Research Method ——Overview of included studies 30 24 25 20 15 15 10 7 5 0 1 1 2012 5 2013 2014 2015 Resulting primary publications by year 2016
2. Research Method ——Overview of included studies Resulting primary publications by research area
3. Impacts of Big Data on Public Policy Analysis
3. Impacts of Big Data on Public Policy Analysis-Benefit 60. 0% 52. 6% 50. 0% l B 1: Support evidence-based policymaking l B 2: Proactive policymaking l B 3: Improve citizen participation l B 4: Improve efficiency on policymaking processes 40. 0% 30. 0% 21. 0% 20. 0% 15. 8% 10. 0% 5. 2% B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4
3. Impacts of Big Data on Public Policy Analysis-Risk 80. 0% 68. 4% 70. 0% 60. 0% l l l R 1: Data privacy R 2: Data quality R 3: Data misusage R 4: Inequality R 5: Lack of analysis ability 50. 0% 42. 1% 40. 0% 30. 0% 26. 3% 20. 0% 21. 1% R 3 R 4 10. 0% R 1 R 2 R 5
3. Impacts of Big Data on Public Policy Analysis-Recommendation 50. 0% 45. 0% 43. 1% 40. 0% 35. 0% 30. 0% 25. 0% 20. 0% 15. 8% 15. 0% 10. 5% 10. 0% 5. 0% 0. 0% RE 1 RE 2 RE 3 l RE 1: Include Multiple participants --university, media, private sector --Government : responsible leadership; an attitude of openness; train technician; sustaining the infrastructure l RE 2: Understand the limitation of big data l RE 3: Protect privacy
4. Implementation of Big Data-Stage models of public policy Lasswell (1956) Jones (1984) Dunn (1994) Birkland (2011) Intelligence Recommendation Prescription Invocation Appraisal Termination Agenda setting Formulation Implementation Budgeting Evaluation Problems structuring Forecasting Recommendation Monitoring Evaluation Issue emergence Agenda setting Alternative selection Enactment Implementation Evaluation
4. Implementation of Big Data in Issue Emergence Acknowledge l Identify social problems through public opinion analysis Donghyun Lee & Minki Kim(2015) l Regional Risk Assessment Tool (Risk. UMH) for Urban Dangerous Source Based on GIS Geographic Processing Technology Predict Ming Zhao & Xiang Liu (2016) l Public health management information system Zheng Hang YAN,Yang Liu (2013)
4. Implementation of Big Data in Agenda Setting l Social media information verification methods to ensure more reliable data for citizens and decision makers Conrado et al. (2016)
4. Implementation of Big Data in Alternative Selection Long-term Short-term l Decision Support for Urban Traffic Planning Based on Large Traffic Data (Xiaolong Xu & Wanchun Dou,2015) l Space-time Demand Positioning Method - Solve the Problem of where to set up charging pile station (Wei Tu et, al. , 2015) l Decision support system for emergency management through Data Mashup(Lora E. Fleming et al. , 2014) l Crime prevention through OLAP (online analysis process) (Mohammad A. Rob & Floyd J. Srubar,2015)
4. Implementation of Big Data in Evaluation l Performance evaluation of Hong Kong‘s construction waste management - assess the behavior of the contractor’s waste disposal(Weisheng Lu et al. , 2016) l Intelligent transportation system evaluation index system - traffic structure, traffic information service, traffic efficiency, traffic safety, energy and pollution reduction and social inclusion(Ruimin Li&Ai Kido,2014)
4. Implementation of Big Data-Limitation Big data cannot be used on every stage of policy process, such as policy enactment.
5. Conclusion Can big data improve public policy analysis? • Does big data technology have impact on public policy analysis? ü There is a broad consensus that big data will drive innovation in public policy. • What are the benefits, risks and recommendations that big data brings to public policy analysis? ü Benefits: provide accurate, proactive, and participatory policy analysis. ü Risks: data privacy, data misuse and bias, and inequality.
5. Conclusion Can big data improve public policy analysis? • How exactly can big data be applied to improve public policy analysis? ü Provide information for problem prediction, condition analysis and thus help policy makers targeting the primary agenda. ü Find alternative policy solutions through intelligent decision support system. ü Provide various measurements for the policy performance index and thus improve the policy evaluation. ü At the same time, big data cannot be used on every stage of policy process, such as when it policy enactment.
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