CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson 1 Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry Clicker Questions by Lisa M. Flick, Ph. D © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? a) systems biology b) emergent properties c) inductive reasoning d) reductionism e) genomics © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? a) systems biology b) emergent properties c) inductive reasoning d) reductionism e) genomics © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the correct order (from small to large)? a) cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems b) molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere c) molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities d) organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems e) cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the correct order (from small to large)? a) cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems b) molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere c) molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities d) organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems e) cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest describes a/an: a) ecosystem b) biosphere c) community d) population e) colony © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest describes a/an: a) ecosystem b) biosphere c) community d) population e) colony © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following scientific studies would represent an example of a “systems biology” approach? a) measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any subsequent changes in the number and types of decomposer fungi in the soil b) discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important in digestion of protein c) comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two different species of magnolias d) measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold years e) comparing the DNA sequence of two closely related plants and inferring their evolutionary histories © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following scientific studies would represent an example of a “systems biology” approach? a) measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any subsequent changes in the number and types of decomposer fungi in the soil b) discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important in digestion of protein c) comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two different species of magnolias d) measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold years e) comparing the DNA sequence of two closely related plants and inferring their evolutionary histories © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy would be accurate? a) The original source of the energy was the sun. b) The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem. c) The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants. d) More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions. e) More energy is radiated at night than during the day. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy would be accurate? a) The original source of the energy was the sun. b) The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem. c) The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants. d) More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions. e) More energy is radiated at night than during the day. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

The idea that form and function are related would not be exemplified by which of the following examples? a) Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. b) Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water. c) Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light. d) Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined. e) none of the above © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

The idea that form and function are related would not be exemplified by which of the following examples? a) Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. b) Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water. c) Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light. d) Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined. e) none of the above © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Imagine that you have just discovered a new multicellular but microscopic organism that swims in ponds. You see that it is propelled by cilia on the outside of the organism. What can you say about the evolutionary relationships of this organism? a) The presence of cilia shows that it is more closely related to Paramecium than to humans. b) The presence of cilia shows that it shares a common ancestor with Paramecium and humans. c) It is probably closely related to pond algae. d) It is probably most closely related to prokaryotes. e) The presence of cilia demonstrates the diversity, but not the unity, of life. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Imagine that you have just discovered a new multicellular but microscopic organism that swims in ponds. You see that it is propelled by cilia on the outside of the organism. What can you say about the evolutionary relationships of this organism? a) The presence of cilia shows that it is more closely related to Paramecium than to humans. b) The presence of cilia shows that it shares a common ancestor with Paramecium and humans. c) It is probably closely related to pond algae. d) It is probably most closely related to prokaryotes. e) The presence of cilia demonstrates the diversity, but not the unity, of life. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Examine the figure on the next slide and predict which species pair has the most similar DNA sequence. a) vegetarian tree finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) and mangrove finch (Cactospiza heliobates) b) medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) c) large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) and small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) d) sharp-beaked ground finch (Geospiza difficilis) and large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) e) No such predictions are possible. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Examine the figure on the previous slide and predict which species pair has the most similar DNA sequence. a) vegetarian tree finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) and mangrove finch (Cactospiza heliobates) b) medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) c) large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) and small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) d) sharp-beaked ground finch (Geospiza difficilis) and large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) e) No such predictions are possible. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science? a) Science is typically performed alone in the lab. b) Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers. c) Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs. d) Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab. e) The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science? a) Science is typically performed alone in the lab. b) Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers. c) Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs. d) Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab. e) The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

An experimental study is conducted to determine whether or not a new drug reduces high blood pressure. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the: a) independent variable b) dependent variable c) hypothesis d) theory e) control group © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

An experimental study is conducted to determine whether or not a new drug reduces high blood pressure. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the: a) independent variable b) dependent variable c) hypothesis d) theory e) control group © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Nearly half a century ago, D. W. Kaufman investigated the effect of prey camouflage on predation. Kaufman tested the hypothesis that the amount of contrast between the coat color of a mouse and the color of its surroundings would affect the rate of nighttime predation by owls. He also hypothesized that the color contrast would be affected by the amount of moonlight. In this exercise, you will analyze data from his owl-mouse predation studies. Pairs of mice (Peromyscus polionotus) with different coat colors, one light brown and one dark brown, were released simultaneously into an enclosure that contained a hungry owl. The researcher recorded the color of the mouse that was first caught by the owl. If the owl did not catch either mouse within 15 minutes, the test was recorded as a zero. The release trials were repeated multiple times in enclosures with either a dark-colored soil surface or a lightcolored soil surface. The presence or absence of moonlight during each assay was recorded. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

The graph shows data from the light-colored soil enclosure. There is one dependent variable and more than one independent variable on the graph. What are the independent variables, the variables that were manipulated by the researcher? a) the color of the soil and the presence or absence of moonlight b) the presence or absence of moonlight and the number of mice caught c) mouse coat color and the presence or absence of moonlight d) mouse coat color and the number of mice caught © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

The graph shows data from the light-colored soil enclosure. There is one dependent variable and more than one independent variable on the graph. What are the independent variables, the variables that were manipulated by the researcher? a) the color of the soil and the presence or absence of moonlight b) the presence or absence of moonlight and the number of mice caught c) mouse coat color and the presence or absence of moonlight d) mouse coat color and the number of mice caught © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the dependent variable, the response to the variables being tested? a) the presence or absence of moonlight b) the mouse coat color c) the number of mice caught d) the color of the soil © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the dependent variable, the response to the variables being tested? a) the presence or absence of moonlight b) the mouse coat color c) the number of mice caught d) the color of the soil © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Now you will look at data from two different enclosures: one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night? a) 12 b) 17 c) 19 d) 37 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Now you will look at data from two different enclosures: one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night? a) 12 b) 17 c) 19 d) 37 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-colored soil? What data support your conclusion? a) On light-colored soil; the lowest level of predation was light brown mice on light soil. b) On dark-colored soil; fewer light brown mice than dark brown mice were caught on light soil under no moon. c) On dark-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon. d) On light-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-colored soil? What data support your conclusion? a) On light-colored soil; the lowest level of predation was light brown mice on light soil. b) On dark-colored soil; fewer light brown mice than dark brown mice were caught on light soil under no moon. c) On dark-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon. d) On light-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with light-colored soil? a) light brown coat with no moon b) light brown coat with full moon c) dark brown coat with full moon d) dark brown coat with no moon © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with light-colored soil? a) light brown coat with no moon b) light brown coat with full moon c) dark brown coat with full moon d) dark brown coat with no moon © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.