CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY • CAIN • WASSERMAN • MINORSKY • REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Questions prepared by Douglas Darnowski, Indiana University Southeast James Langeland, Kalamazoo College Murty S. Kambhampati, Southern University at New Orleans Roberta Batorsky, Temple University © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. SECOND EDITION
Cellular respiration can be most completely described as A. using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to make ATP. B. taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP. C. taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water and using the energy released to make ATP. D. converting higher-energy organic molecules to lowerenergy organic molecules and using the energy released to make ATP. E. the production of pyruvate and carbon dioxide. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cellular respiration can be most completely described as A. using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to make ATP. B. taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP. C. taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water and using the energy released to make ATP. D. converting higher-energy organic molecules to lowerenergy organic molecules and using the energy released to make ATP. E. the production of pyruvate and carbon dioxide. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about glycolysis is true? A. It splits water. B. It uses oxygen. C. It occurs in the cytoplasm. D. It makes the most ATP compared to the two other steps. E. It makes lipids. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about glycolysis is true? A. It splits water. B. It uses oxygen. C. It occurs in the cytoplasm. D. It makes the most ATP compared to the two other steps. E. It makes lipids. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true? A. It occurs during the movement from the cytosol through the mitochondrial membranes. B. It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. C. It makes the most ATP compared to the two other steps. D. It occurs in the cytoplasm. E. It splits glucose. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true? A. It occurs during the movement from the cytosol through the mitochondrial membranes. B. It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. C. It makes the most ATP compared to the two other steps. D. It occurs in the cytoplasm. E. It splits glucose. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do cells require to sustain high rates of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? A. B. C. D. E. functioning mitochondria oxygen oxidative phosphorylation of ATP NAD+ All of the above are correct. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do cells require to sustain high rates of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? A. B. C. D. E. functioning mitochondria oxygen oxidative phosphorylation of ATP NAD+ All of the above are correct. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the membrane. Brown fat can generate heat without ATP by using uncouplers. With an uncoupler, what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption if the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle stay the same? A. Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease. B. ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will increase. C. ATP synthesis will increase; oxygen consumption will decrease. D. Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will increase. E. ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will stay the same. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the membrane. Brown fat can generate heat without ATP by using uncouplers. With an uncoupler, what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption if the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle stay the same? A. Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease. B. ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will increase. C. ATP synthesis will increase; oxygen consumption will decrease. D. Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will increase. E. ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will stay the same. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The energetic electron, taken from glucose or a breakdown product of glucose, is stripped of its energy to A. B. C. D. E. actively transport H+ into the intermembrane space. actively transport NAD+ into the intermembrane space. actively transport Na+ into the matrix. power facilitated diffusion of H+ into the matrix. actively transport H+ into the matrix. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The energetic electron, taken from glucose or a breakdown product of glucose, is stripped of its energy to A. B. C. D. E. actively transport H+ into the intermembrane space. actively transport NAD+ into the intermembrane space. actively transport Na+ into the matrix. power facilitated diffusion of H+ into the matrix. actively transport H+ into the matrix. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
ATP synthase at the inner mitochondrial membrane makes ATP by which of the following methods? A. B. C. D. E. allowing Na+ to move down its electrochemical gradient allowing H+ to move against its electrochemical gradient facilitated diffusion of H+ active transport of Na+ © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
ATP synthase at the inner mitochondrial membrane makes ATP by which of the following methods? A. B. C. D. E. allowing Na+ to move down its electrochemical gradient allowing H+ to move against its electrochemical gradient facilitated diffusion of H+ active transport of Na+ © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Newborn mammals have a specialized organ called brown fat, where cells burn fat to CO 2 without capturing the energy to reduce electron carriers or make ATP. How can this energy be used instead? A. B. C. D. E. to synthesize glucose from CO 2 to directly power muscle contraction to provide energy for endergonic biosynthetic reactions to generate heat to provide for rapid weight reduction © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Newborn mammals have a specialized organ called brown fat, where cells burn fat to CO 2 without capturing the energy to reduce electron carriers or make ATP. How can this energy be used instead? A. B. C. D. E. to synthesize glucose from CO 2 to directly power muscle contraction to provide energy for endergonic biosynthetic reactions to generate heat to provide for rapid weight reduction © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the purpose of fermentation reactions? A. to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue B. to make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions C. to make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough D. to slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce E. to make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the purpose of fermentation reactions? A. to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue B. to make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions C. to make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough D. to slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce E. to make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
During intense exercise, muscles lack sufficient oxygen, so what will the muscles use? A. B. C. D. E. alcoholic fermentation the citric acid cycle only glycolysis, with NAD not utilized lactic acid fermentation chemiosmosis © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
During intense exercise, muscles lack sufficient oxygen, so what will the muscles use? A. B. C. D. E. alcoholic fermentation the citric acid cycle only glycolysis, with NAD not utilized lactic acid fermentation chemiosmosis © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Catabolism involves _____ to _____ energy. A. B. C. D. E. reduction; release oxidation; store reduction; store oxidation; release Not enough information is provided to decide. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Catabolism involves _____ to _____ energy. A. B. C. D. E. reduction; release oxidation; store reduction; store oxidation; release Not enough information is provided to decide. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were asked to examine a container in which you were told that glycolysis was being performed in a cell-free extract, you would test for the presence of lots of A. B. C. D. E. ADP. pyruvate. glucose. sucrose. acetate. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were asked to examine a container in which you were told that glycolysis was being performed in a cell-free extract, you would test for the presence of lots of A. B. C. D. E. ADP. pyruvate. glucose. sucrose. acetate. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is produced last in glycolysis? A. B. C. D. E. pyruvate phosphoglycerate glucose PEP ATP © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is produced last in glycolysis? A. B. C. D. E. pyruvate phosphoglycerate glucose PEP ATP © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which compound, if found in an aerobically respiring mitochondrion, would be the greatest surprise? A. B. C. D. E. ADP H+ FADH 2 NADPH none of the above © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which compound, if found in an aerobically respiring mitochondrion, would be the greatest surprise? A. B. C. D. E. ADP H+ FADH 2 NADPH none of the above © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which molecule is most emblematic of the citric acid cycle? A. B. C. D. E. ADP H+ oxaloacetate pyruvate PEP © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which molecule is most emblematic of the citric acid cycle? A. B. C. D. E. ADP H+ oxaloacetate pyruvate PEP © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you added a chemical to block the second step in the citric acid cycle, what would accumulate the most? A. B. C. D. E. NADH citrate oxaloacetate succinyl Co. A malate © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you added a chemical to block the second step in the citric acid cycle, what would accumulate the most? A. B. C. D. E. NADH citrate oxaloacetate succinyl Co. A malate © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is the most oxidized compound in the citric acid cycle? A. B. C. D. E. NADH citrate oxaloacetate succinyl Co. A malate © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is the most oxidized compound in the citric acid cycle? A. B. C. D. E. NADH citrate oxaloacetate succinyl Co. A malate © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
How would two compounds involved in electron transport be related? A. The latter compound would have less free energy. B. The former compound would be present in the cytoplasm. C. The latter compound would be ATP. D. The former compound would be more oxidized. E. None of the above. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
How would two compounds involved in electron transport be related? A. The latter compound would have less free energy. B. The former compound would be present in the cytoplasm. C. The latter compound would be ATP. D. The former compound would be more oxidized. E. None of the above. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were working on cells performing cellular respiration and you detected cytochromes, what part of the cell would you be examining? A. B. C. D. E. nuclei cytoplasm mitochondria plasma membrane ribosomes © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were working on cells performing cellular respiration and you detected cytochromes, what part of the cell would you be examining? A. B. C. D. E. nuclei cytoplasm mitochondria plasma membrane ribosomes © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
When you detect a rotten-egg-like smell near a swamp, you are detecting evidence of A. B. C. D. E. glycolysis. fermentation. anaerobic respiration. the citric acid cycle. electron transport. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
When you detect a rotten-egg-like smell near a swamp, you are detecting evidence of A. B. C. D. E. glycolysis. fermentation. anaerobic respiration. the citric acid cycle. electron transport. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were told to get a cooking ingredient rich in something that can go through beta-oxidation, you would get A. B. C. D. E. butter, since it is rich in fat. a potato, since it is rich in carbohydrate. a steak, since it is rich in protein. A or B None of the above. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you were told to get a cooking ingredient rich in something that can go through beta-oxidation, you would get A. B. C. D. E. butter, since it is rich in fat. a potato, since it is rich in carbohydrate. a steak, since it is rich in protein. A or B None of the above. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which compound is a precursor fat synthesis? A. B. C. D. E. pyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate ATP succinate cytochrome © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which compound is a precursor fat synthesis? A. B. C. D. E. pyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate ATP succinate cytochrome © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What can be broken down via cellular respiration? A. B. C. D. E. carbohydrate polymers fats amino acids monosaccharides All of the answers are correct. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What can be broken down via cellular respiration? A. B. C. D. E. carbohydrate polymers fats amino acids monosaccharides All of the answers are correct. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the absence of oxygen, what process can a cell use to extract energy from food? A. B. C. D. E. anaerobic respiration alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation B or C A–C © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the absence of oxygen, what process can a cell use to extract energy from food? A. B. C. D. E. anaerobic respiration alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation B or C A–C © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which molecule does not have energy extracted from it, directly or indirectly, by electron transport? A. B. C. D. E. ATP NADH FADH 2 pyruvate glucose © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which molecule does not have energy extracted from it, directly or indirectly, by electron transport? A. B. C. D. E. ATP NADH FADH 2 pyruvate glucose © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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