CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson • Reece 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
40 m Figure 8. 2 (d) Cyanobacteria 10 m (b) Multicellular alga (c) Unicellular eukaryotes © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 m (a) Plants (e) Purple sulfur bacteria
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8. 3 a Leaf cross section Chloroplasts Vein Mesophyll Stomata © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CO 2
Figure 8. 3 b Chloroplast Mesophyll cell Thylakoid Granum Thylakoid Stroma space Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane 1 m © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 m
Figure 8. 4 Reactants: Products: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 12 H 2 O 6 O 2
Figure 8. UN 01 becomes reduced becomes oxidized © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8. 5 -4 H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP Pi Light Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Chloroplast O 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. [CH 2 O] (sugar)
Figure 8. 6 10− 5 nm 10− 3 nm Gamma rays 103 nm 1 nm X-rays UV 106 nm Infrared 1 m (109 nm) Microwaves 103 m Radio waves Visible light 450 380 500 Shorter wavelength Higher energy © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 550 600 650 700 750 nm Longer wavelength Lower energy
Figure 8. 7 Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Granum Transmitted light © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8. 8 Technique White light Refracting prism Chlorophyll solution 2 1 Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength. Galvanometer 3 4 Green light Blue light © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Photoelectric tube The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light. The low transmittance (high absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs most blue light.
Absorption of light by chloroplast pigments Figure 8. 9 a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids 500 600 Wavelength of light (nm) (a) Absorption spectra © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 400 700
Rate of photosynthesis (measured by O 2 release) Figure 8. 9 b 400 (b) Action spectrum © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 500 600 700
Figure 8. 11 Energy of electron e − Excited state Heat Photon (fluorescence) Photon Chlorophyll molecule Ground state (a) Excitation of isolated chlorophyll molecule © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (b) Fluorescence
Photosystem STROMA Light. Reactionharvesting center complexes complex Primary electron acceptor Thylakoid membrane Photon e Transfer of energy Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID) (a) How a photosystem harvests light © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Thylakoid membrane Figure 8. 12 Chlorophyll Protein subunits (b) Structure of a photosystem STROMA THYLAKOID SPACE
Figure 8. 12 a Thylakoid membrane Photon Photosystem STROMA Reaction. Lightharvesting center complexes complex Primary electron acceptor e− Transfer of energy Special pair of chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID) (a) How a photosystem harvests light © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Thylakoid membrane Figure 8. 12 b Chlorophyll Protein subunits (b) Structure of a photosystem © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. STROMA THYLAKOID SPACE
Figure 8. UN 02 H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP NADPH O 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. [CH 2 O] (sugar)
Figure 8. UN 05 El H 2 O o sp an tr in on a tr ch Primary acceptor ec El Primary acceptor Pq NADP reductase Cytochrome complex Pc Photosystem II © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ATP tr on ch tr ai an n sp Fd o rt rt O 2 ec Photosystem I NADP H NADPH
Figure 8. 14 Mill makes ATP Photon Photo n NADPH © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Photosystem II Photosystem I
Figure 8. 13 -5 Primary acceptor 2 H H 2 O 1 2 O 2 3 e− 2 4 Electron transport chain Pq 1 e− Cytochrome complex Pc P 680 Fd e− e− e− Primary acceptor 7 Electron transport chain 8 e− NADP reductase P 700 5 Light 6 ATP Pigment molecules Photosystem II (PS II) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Photosystem I (PS I) NADP H NADPH
Figure 8. 15 CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE Intermembrane space Inner membrane Matrix Key Higher [H ] Lower [H ] © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. H Diffusion Thylakoid space Electron transport chain Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase Stroma ADP P i H ATP
Figure 8. 15 a CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE Intermembrane space Inner membrane Matrix Key Higher [H ] Lower [H ] © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. H Diffusion Thylakoid space Electron transport chain Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase Stroma ADP P i H ATP
Figure 8. UN 02 H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP NADPH O 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. [CH 2 O] (sugar)
Figure 8. 16 Photosystem II 4 H Light Cytochrome complex Light NADP reductase Photosystem I 3 Fd Pq H 2 O e− 1 THYLAKOID SPACE (high H concentration) e− NADPH Pc 2 1 2 O 2 2 H NADP H 4 H To Calvin Cycle STROMA (low H concentration) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase ADP P i H ATP
Figure 8. UN 03 H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP NADPH O 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. [CH 2 O] (sugar)
Figure 8. 17 -1 Input 3 as 3 CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3 P P Ru. BP 6 P 3 -Phosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. P
Figure 8. 17 -2 Input 3 as 3 CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3 P P P 6 P 3 -Phosphoglycerate Ru. BP 6 ATP 6 ADP Calvin Cycle 6 P P 1, 3 -Bisphoglycerate 6 NADPH 6 NADP 6 Pi 6 P G 3 P 1 P G 3 P Output © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Phase 2: Reduction Glucose and other organic compounds
Figure 8. 17 -3 Input 3 as 3 CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3 P P P 6 P 3 -Phosphoglycerate Ru. BP 6 ATP 6 ADP Calvin Cycle 3 ADP 3 ATP 6 P P 1, 3 -Bisphoglycerate 6 NADPH Phase 3: Regeneration of Ru. BP 6 NADP 6 Pi P 5 G 3 P 6 G 3 P 1 P G 3 P Output © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. P Phase 2: Reduction Glucose and other organic compounds
Figure 8. UN 06 3 CO 2 Carbon fixation 3 5 C 6 3 C Calvin Cycle Regeneration of CO 2 acceptor 5 3 C Reduction 1 G 3 P (3 C) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8. 18 Sugarcane 1 Pineapple CO 2 C 4 Mesophyll Organic cell acid Bundlesheath cell CO 2 2 CAM Night CO 2 2 Calvin Cycle Sugar (a) Spatial separation of steps © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Organic acid 1 Day (b) Temporal separation of steps
Figure 8. 19 H 2 O Light CO 2 NADP Pi Light Reactions: Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I Electron transport chain Ru. BP 3 -Phosphpglycerate Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH G 3 P Starch (storage) Chloroplast O 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sucrose (export)
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