Cambodia Khmer Rouge General Overview came into power

Cambodia: Khmer Rouge

General Overview - came into power of Cambodia on April 17, 1975 - The Khmer Rouge created what was known to be the Democratic Kampuchea state in 1976, which ruled Cambodia until January 1979 - They ran a communist style of ruling in Cambodia, led by a man named Pol Pot.

Origins -Khmer Rouge grew in popularity during the same time of the civil war in Vietnam. -North Vietnam Soldiers using Cambodia and their tunnes to transport people and goods into the south. -US bombed tunnels of Cambodia -Civil war was at place during this time in cambodia. This conflicted granted the khmer Rouge advantage, and took over the country.

Structure -Pol Pot had plan to create communist style of leadership in Cambodia. -Pol Pot abolished the country’s currency, moved many civilians from the city into rural areas. -Eliminated the law of ownership of property, took jobs away, turned them into farmers. -Farmers were overworked. -People that spoke out were to be punished.

Relation to Brian Fawcett: -Comparison of Khmer rouge to the Global Village. -To become a dictator; control media, create terror, control education, personality cult, change laws.

Killing Fields -Tuol Sleng, one of the 150 torture chambers used by the Khmer Rouge. -Former secondary school which was used as a killing field. -Estimated 20, 000 prisoners kept at this location (the real number is unknown).

Torture Methods -Khmer Rouge security officials used acid and pliers to torture inmates -If the detainees passed out due to the excessive pain, the overseers would then use water to revive them -Blood extraction -Needles under the fingertips -Prisoners cannot scream while being tortured or swear otherwise they get punished more

Survivor and Former Prisoners Keo Chandara talked in court about first hand experiences in the prisons. -she said that during each interrogation, about 10 prisoners were forced to watch one another be tortured. -she said she watched one of her fellow inmates get hung by a hook through her mouth just before her heart and gallbladder were cut of her body. -Sometimes she was forced to bury the dead prisoners in the fields, up to 50 graves in one day.

What Was the Goal of the Khmer Rouge? -The implied motive behind the genocide was to eliminate an entire social order in the country. -The party's aim was to establish a classless communist state based on a rural agrarian economy and a complete rejection of the free market and capitalism. -New Cambodia

Khmer Rouge: Media & Entertainment - National Television Station was destroyed Radio was only thing left (mentioned in book) Played music and propaganda that was approved by Pol Pot Musicians and artists → had an influence on culture and society, therefore executed CD’s and records were destroyed by Khmer Rouge Art and museums → form of expression Khmer Rouge believed political messages were important, not the form of art they were presented in

Relationship to Fawcett The radio being the only form of media allowed in Cambodia → is the only thing people were allowed to listen to Similar to the idea of Global Village → chooses what we see and how we see it in the media Music from the past was destroyed physically and wasn’t allowed to be played during Pol Pot’s regime → controlled people’s memory, no individuality (especially in art and culture)

Everyday Life Under the Khmer Rouge - Banned personal property Banned holidays, dancing, music, entertainment, religion, prayer, etc. Individuality and rights terminated Burned currency and records, eliminating claims to funds Forced to dress alike; haircuts and clothing strictly regulated Forced marriage with tactical pairings Families separated

Education in Cambodia Before Khmer Rouge - In 1960, high literacy rate until Khmer Rouge For a period of time the education funding was falling due to funding in military and security ‘Wat’ schools were supported by the government

History of Education in Cambodia - Traditional education that was taught mainly to younger boys 1931, only 7 students graduated high school Early 20 th century to 1975 French model system was used

Education Under the Khmer Rouge - Schools were destroyed and teachers were executed Regime recruited students to spy on adults Young cadres were a part of some of the regimes worst atrocities In 1970, more than 20, 000 teacher lived in Cambodia, 10 years later only around 5000 survived

Education After the Khmer Rouge - Education began to make slow comeback Established from republic of kampuchea, similar to the vietnamese education model Enrollment fee was placed

Connection to Brian Fawcett - How Fawcett uses the Global Village to control people - A representation of the saying “what goes up must come down” - How brainwashing and propaganda were used to enhance the power of the Global Village - Similar strategies used as the ones described in the book

Joseph Conrad (1857 -1924) - English writer of Polish descent Fawcett makes references to his works throughout Cambodia “Regarded as one of the greatest english novelists” Including: - his 1902 novella, “Heart of Darkness” the 1979 movie inspired by his novel, “Apocalypse Now”

Heart of Darkness - - - Based on Conrad’s real journey of the Congo Takes a look at a wide range of topics (similar to Cambodia) including colonialism, greed/violence, and changes in culture/society On page 19 (subtext) of Cambodia, Fawcett says that the book is about “how God doesn’t help anyone” Fawcett goes on to explain how one of the characters in the story “goes mad” The “darkness” is symbolism for the primitive, dark side that both Conrad and Fawcett believe that all human beings possess

Apocalypse Now https: //youtu. be/twn. JGBPOWw 8

Joseph Conrad References in Cambodia - - On page 18 of Cambodia, Fawcett states (in the subtext) that Conrad witnesses, “a sequence of horrors that came close to destroying his sanity, ” referring to his experiences in the Congo Fawcett explains Conrad’s adventure to the Congo and the “darkness” he experiences Fawcett refers to Conrads work since the main topics of his book were related to his real-life experience Fawcett believes that Conrad: “Was to provide the world with it first and perhaps most profound glimpses into the contrary nature of reality: that an almost identical barbarity grows out of an overabundance of technological wealth as comes from its relative absence”

Works Cited Ang, Sam. “Preserving a Cultural Tradition: Ten Years After the Khmer Rouge. ” Culturalsurvival. org, www. culturalsurvival. org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/preserving-cultural-tradition-ten-years-after-khmer-rouge. “Bombing of Cambodia. ” Battle of Lake Erie - Ohio History Central, N. p. , Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Joseph Conrad. ” Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. , 30 July 2018, www. britannica. com/biography/Joseph-Conrad. www. ohiohistorycentral. org/w/Bombing_of_Cambodia. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Richard Nixon. ” Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. , 12 Oct. 2018, www. britannica. com/biography/Richard-Nixon. -picture Christopher Gentile. “Brian Fawcett. ” Ottawa International Writers Festival, writersfestival. org/authors/earlier/brian-fawcett. – picture Cregan-Reid, Vybarr. “Heart of Darkness. ” Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. , 8 Dec. 2017, www. britannica. com/topic/Heart-of-Darkness. Gustave Courbet, No. a, www. mtholyoke. edu/~amamendo/S-21. html. Hays, Jeffrey. “Education and Schools in Cambodia. ” Facts and Details, www. factsanddetails. com/southeastasia/Cambodia/sub 5_2 d/entry-2916. html

Works Cited Hays, Jeffrey. “Life Under The Khmer Rouge. ” Facts and Details, http: //factsanddetails. com/southeast-asia/Cambodia/sub 5_2 b/entry 2855. html History. com editors. “Khmer Rouge. ” History. com, A&E Television Networks, 12 Sept. 2017, www. history. com/topics/cold-war/thekhmer-rouge. Last updated: August 21 st 2018 Joelle. “NIOD, Instituut Voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- En Genocidestudies. ” Anne Frank over Het Verdwijnen Van De Klokken in De Westertoren, 15 Apr. 2015, www. niod. nl/en/cambodian-genocide. - picture Jordison, Sam. “Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad – a Trip into Inner Space. ” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 29 July 2015, www. theguardian. com/booksblog/2015/jul/29/journeys-in-literature-heart-of-darkness-by-joseph-conrad. “Khmer Rouge History. ” Cambodia Tribunal Monitor, www. cambodiatribunal. org/history/cambodian-history/khmer-rouge-history/. “S 21 Victims. ” The Killing Fields Museum of Cambodia - Welcome, No. a, www. killingfieldsmuseum. com/s 21 -victims. html.

Works Cited Sisario, Ben. “‘Don’t Think I’ve Forgotten, ’ a Documentary, Revives Cambodia’s Silenced Sounds. ” The New York Times, www. nytimes. com/2015/04/12/movies/dont-think-ive-forgotten-a-documentary-revives-cambodias-silenced-sounds. html. Stout, David. “Cambodia: Witness Describes Brutal Torture Episodes at Genocide Trial. ” Time, 3 Feb. 2015, time. com/3693242/cambodia-khmer-rouge-genocide-un-trial/. “Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum. ” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Nov. 2018, en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tuol_Sleng_Genocide_Museum.